武汉市汉阳区10~16岁青少年脊柱侧凸现状及相关因素分析

Analysis of current situation and related factors of scoliosis in adolescents aged 10-16 in Hanyang District, Wuhan City

目的 探讨武汉市汉阳区10~16岁青少年脊柱侧凸发生率及影响因素,为开展脊柱侧凸防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2022年3—7月,采取随机整群抽样方法,抽取武汉市汉阳区6所学校2 274名10~16岁中小学生,采用六步筛查法、前屈试验、躯干旋转测量仪和X线检查进行脊柱侧凸筛查,并自行设计问卷调查其分析相关影响因素。结果 2 274名中小学生脊柱侧凸检出率为2.68%;小学生脊柱侧凸检出率为1.75%,中学生脊柱侧凸的检出率为3.64%,二者差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.969,P=0.008);二元logistic回归分析显示,不良坐姿(OR=8.175,95%CI=6.260~12.135)和每天看电视(OR=0.393,95%CI=0.208~0.744)、看电脑(OR=5.288,95%CI=2.739~10.209)、看手机时间长(OR=3.370,95%CI=2.540~4.472)是发生脊柱侧凸的危险因素(P<0.01),每周体育课数多(OR=0.411,95%CI=0.278~0.606)、户外活动时间长(OR=0.274,95%CI=0.133~0.566)是发生脊柱侧凸的保护因素(P<0.01)。结论 应重点关注中学生的脊柱侧凸,积极纠正不良坐姿、减少电子产品使用时间、增加户外运动。

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of scoliosis among adolescents aged 10-16 in Hanyang District,Wuhan City,to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis.Methods From March to July 2022,2274 primary and secondary school students aged 10-16 from 6 schools in Hanyang District,Wuhan City were selected by random cluster sampling method,and scoliosis screening was carried out by using a six-step screening method,forward flexion test,trunk rotation measuring instrument and X-ray examination,and a questionnaire survey was designed to analyze the relevant influencing factors.Results The detection rate of scoliosis was 2.68%in 2274 primary and secondary school students,1.75%in primary school students,and 3.64%in middle school students,with a significant difference(χ^(2)=6.969,P=0.008).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that poor sitting posture(OR=8.175,95%CI=6.260-12.135),daily TV watching(OR=0.393,95%CI=0.208-0.744),computer(OR=5.288,95%CI=2.739-10.209)and long time spent using mobile phones(OR=3.370,95%CI=2.540-4.472)were risk factors for scoliosis(P<0.01).However,the number of physical education classes per week(OR=0.411,95%CI=0.278-0.606)and the long time spent in outdoor activities(OR=0.274,95%CI=0.133-0.566)were the protective factors for scoliosis(P<0.01).Conclusion Attention should be paid to the scoliosis of middle school students,and the poor sitting posture should be actively corrected,the time spent using electronic products should be reduced,and outdoor exercises should be increased.