中国国有林管理体制的形成与演变

Formation and Evolution of China’s State-owned Forest Management System

随着重点国有林区政府行政职能全部移交,国有森工企业改制为国有独资公司而成为真正意义上的企业,中国国有林管理体制已发生深刻变化。文中以史料文献为基础,梳理中国国有林与国有林区产生与发展的过程,探究国有林区产生的原由与历史背景;重点针对东北国有林区回顾国有林管理体制的演变过程,总结各阶段国有林区森林采伐、营林与保护的主要政策与做法;最后提出,国有林的产生是行政制度变迁的结果,目前传统意义上的国有林区已不复存在但仍以6大森工集团的形式延续,国有林区的阶段性使命已完成但其责任和任务将进一步加重,如何在“两山”理念下经营保护好国有林、如何推动国有林区改革后企地融合、如何协调好公益属性与商业属性的关系将是国有森工企业发展需要长期探索的重要课题。

After transferring out all government administration functions,key state-owned forest areas have been restructured and positioned to enterprises in real senses,and resultingly China’s state-owned forest management system has undergone profound changes.Based on historical documents,this paper reviews the emergence and development of state-owned forests and state-owned forest areas in China,and explores the reasons behind and historical background of the establishment of state-owned forest areas.Focusing on the evolution process of state-owned forest management system implemented by state-owned forest areas in northeast China,the paper also summarizes the policies and practices of state-owned forest areas for forest logging,forest silviculture,and forest protection in each stage.It is argued that the emergence of state-owned forests resulted from administrative system changes,and the traditional state-owned forest areas no longer exist any longer but state-owned forest areas continue to exist in the form of six major forest industry groups.State-owned forest areas have accomplished their phased missions,but their responsibilities and tasks will be further intensified.How to manage and protect state-owned forests under the“Two Mountains”idea,how to promote the integration of enterprises and localities after the reform of state-owned forest areas,and how to coordinate the relationship between public welfare attributes and commercial attributes will be the important issues that need to be explored in the long-term development of state-owned forest industry enterprises.