从森林依赖到森林生态产品价值实现——东北国有林区发展路径探析

From Forest Dependence to Value Realization of Forest Ecological Products:Development Path of Northeast State-owned Forest Areas in China

生态产品价值实现是政府与社会推进生态文明建设与践行“两山”理念的创新机制。从森林依赖到森林生态产品价值实现的阶段跃迁,关系到东北国有林区能否肩负起国家生态安全屏障与生态产品供给主体的历史使命,关系到国有森工企业能否适应“公益”与“企业”的新身份,关系到林业社区居民的生计安全与民生福祉。文中以人与森林交互关系为切入点,从理论上阐释森林依赖与森林生态产品价值实现的概念、特征与跃迁逻辑;梳理东北国有林区发展进程的政策图景,结合国有森工企业经营的现实情况展开阶段研判;提出从建立“资源—资产—资本”转换制度,通过“扬弃—升级—变现”规划生态产业布局,转变“政府—企业—个体”角色定位3个方面实现东北国有林区从森林依赖到森林生态产品价值实现的阶段跃迁。

The realization of ecological products value is an innovative mechanism for the government and the society to promote the development of ecological civilization and practice the“Two Mountains”idea.The transition from forest dependence to the value realization of forest ecological products determines whether the state-owned forest areas in Northeast China can shoulder the historical missions to maintain national ecological security and supply ecological products,whether state-owned forest enterprises can adapt to their new identities to achieve the trade-off between“public welfare”and“enterprises”,and whether the livelihood and well-being of local community in the forest areas can be ensured.In view of the interactive relationship between human and forest,the paper theoretically explains the concepts,characteristics and transition logic of forest dependence and value realization of forest ecological products,reviews the policy scenario of the development process of state-owned forest areas in Northeast China,and divides the stages of transition based on the actual operation of state-owned forest enterprises.It is proposed to establish a“resources-assets-capital”conversion system,making a layout planning for ecological industries via the pathway of“sublation-upgrading-realization”,and change the role of“government-enterprise-individuals”so as to achieve the leap-forward transformation of state-owned forest areas in Northeast China from forest dependence to forest ecological products value realization.