法国国家公园管理政策特征及成效

National Park Management in France:Policy Characteristics and Effectiveness

建设国家公园是法国实施自然保护政策的重要手段,是保护生物多样性的主要载体。法国国家公园竭尽全力保护、管理和改善自然与文化遗产,其中的生物、景观和文化多样性得到了完美的展现,堪称典范。经过60年的建设发展历程,形成了具有法国特色的国家公园管理模式。文中介绍了法国国家公园的发展历程,分析其管理政策特征,包括法律变革、分区模式、共管共建机制、资金来源渠道、品牌建设与科研战略等,总结其具有独特性的管理经验与成效,针对我国国家公园体系建设提出如下建议:1)尽快出台国家公园法,健全完善国家公园法律制度体系;2)打造国家公园产品与服务的统一品牌,为地区经济发展与扶贫事业作出贡献;3)推动制定国家公园科研战略,满足自然资源保护日益增长的科研需求。

The National parks constitute French natural conservation policies and act as a major carrier for biodiversity conservation.France tries its best to protect,manage and improve its natural and cultural heritages through its national park system,under which the conservation of biodiversity,landscape and cultural diversity has been perfectly achieved and could provide a model for other countries.After the 60-years development,the national park system with French characteristics has been established.By introducing the development process of French national parks,the paper analyzes the characteristics of the policies adopted for national park management,including legislative evolvement,approach to zoning,co-management and co-construction mechanisms,funding sources,brand building and research strategies,summarizes France’s unique experience in national park management and concludes the management effectiveness.Suggestions are put forward for the development of national park system in China:1)Improving the legislative system for national parks,especially formulating the National Park Law;2)Building a unified brand for both products and services of national park so as to contribute to regional economic growth and poverty elimination;and 3)Promoting the development of national park science research strategies to meet the growing sci-tech needs for natural resources conservation.