新感性、新思维与福瑟戏剧的新模式

New Sensibility,New Thinking,and the New Pattern of Jon Fosse’s Drama

约恩·福瑟的戏剧创作,相对于从古希腊到易卜生的欧洲传统戏剧而言,不是局部创新,而是根本革新。其根本革新主要体现在:欧洲传统戏剧创作基于“理念论”哲学传统,最重视的是“看”,而福瑟的戏剧创作则基于后形而上学的“存在论-解构论”新传统,最重视的是“听”;通过转向以倾听为主的后形而上学感知范式,福瑟重构了一种把诗性、音乐性、神性与戏剧性融合在一起的“新感性”,又化用了海德格尔、德里达等人的哲学思想,孕成他自己的新思维,进而创造了一种将极简戏剧、音乐诗剧、静默戏剧、灵知戏剧、留白戏剧等融为一体的新戏剧,形成了一种独特的戏剧创作模式。其创作模式的内核,是在倾听中直呈人类的处境与本质,在危机、忧惧、向死而生中逼出人的“存在与时间”。约恩·福瑟的戏剧创作模式,既体现出后形而上学时代艺术家对于“倾听”的倚重,也体现出直呈本质的极简书写的巨大活力,还反映出接受者的“创造性合作”在当代艺术活动中的特殊重要性。

The dramatic creation of Jon Fosse represents not just partial innovation,but a radical innovation compared to the European traditional drama from ancient Greece to Ibsen.This radical innovation is primarily evident in the shift from the idea-oriented philosophy that underpins traditional European dramatic creation,which emphasizes“seeing”a post-metaphysical philosophy tradition of“Existentialism-Deconstruction”,which prioritizes“listening”.By transforming"seeing"to“listening”,Fosse reconstructs a“new sensibility”that integrates poetic,musical,divine,and dramatic elements.He also employs the philosophical ideas of Heidegger,Derrida,and others to develop his own new thinking,thereby creating a new kind of drama that merges minimalist drama,musical and verse drama,silent drama,gnostic drama,and blank-leaving drama,forming a unique dramatic creation pattern.The core of his creation pattern lies in presenting the human condition and essence through listening,bringing out the“being and time”dimensions of humanity in crisis,anxiety,and the life-towards-death process.The integration of new sensibility and new thinking forms the new pattern of Fosse’s dramatic creation.This pattern not only reflects the post-metaphysical era artist’s reliance and emphasis on“listening”but also showcases the immense vitality of minimalist writing that directly presents the essence.Furthermore,it highlights the particular importance of the“creative cooperation”of the recipients in contemporary artistic activities.