小尺寸金属纳米线力学行为的原位电镜研究进展

Research progress on mechanical behavior of small-sized metallic nanowires studied by in-situ TEM

金属纳米线在信息采集、存储以及超灵敏传感器等方面被广泛应用。在实际应用中,金属纳米线常处于应力状态下,对关键器件的性能稳定性有直接影响。原位研究金属纳米线在应力作用下的塑性变形原子机制是确保重要元器件在复杂环境下依旧保持稳定的物理性能输出的实验依据。本文介绍了纳米力学原位实验技术的研究进展和纳米材料力学性能曲线的测量策略;在此基础上,从材料的尺寸效应出发,总结了不同直径尺寸金属纳米线的位错、孪晶、表面原子扩散等变形机制与纳米线力学性能之间的相关性;展望了小尺寸金属纳米线原位纳米力学技术和原位实验研究的发展方向。

Metallic nanowires are widely used in information collection,storage and ultra-sensitive sensors.In practical applications,metallic nanowires are often in a stress state,directly affecting the performance and stability of key devices.The in-situ study of the atomic mechanism of the plastic deformation of metallic nanowires under stress is the experimental basis to ensure the stable physical performance output of important components in complex environments.In this review,we introduced the research progress of in-situ experimental technology of nanomechanics and the measurement strategy of mechanical property curves of nanomaterials.On the basis of the size effect of materials,the correlation between deformation mechanisms such as dislocations,twins,surface atomic diffusion and mechanical properties of metallic nanowires with different diameter sizes was summarized.The development direction of in-situ nanomechanical technology and the prospect of in-situ experimental research on small metal nanowires were discussed.