形成消费和投资相互促进的良性循环:理论逻辑与实践进路

Forming a Virtuous Cycle of Mutually Promoting Consumption and Investment: Theoretical Logic and Practical Paths

过去几十年,我国经济增长主要依赖投资和出口驱动,但当前房地产和交通基础设施的投资空间已然有限,经济发展水平较高的地区资本形成额占GDP的比重逐年走低。与此同时,我国消费水平总体较低但倾向不低,服务消费占比日益接近商品消费,小众消费提升仍有较大潜力,消费市场下沉的倾向较为明显。推动形成消费和投资相互促进的良性循环,既是新发展阶段的巨大挑战,也是历史性机遇。在马克思主义理论中,投资和消费是社会再生产的有机统一体;从经济学理论看,消费和投资从来都不是割裂的。基于当前我国投资和消费的特征事实及投资消费互促的理论逻辑,投资和消费互促的良性循环应具有如下特征:有效率的投资具有关键性作用;消费具有基础性作用;消费和投资相辅相成;满足人民群众对美好生活的向往是形成消费和投资良性循环的目标;发展新质生产力是实现消费和投资良性循环的基石。故此,应辩证看待消费和投资的关系,以消费转化为出发点扩大投资,重点从促进增收、推动集聚、建设载体、优化供给、改善民生等角度入手,推动形成消费和投资相互促进的良性循环。

Over the past decades,China's economy growth has been driven mainly by investment and exports,but the current investment in real estate and transportation infrastructure is already limited,and the share of capital formation in GDP in regions with a higher level of economic development has been decreasing year by year.At the same time,China's overall consumption level is relatively low but tends to be not low,the proportion of service consumption is increasingly close to that of commodity consumption,niche consumption enhancement still has greater potential,the tendency of the consumer market sinking is more obvious.Promoting the formation of a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion of consumption and investment is both a great challenge and a historic opportunity in the new development stage.In Marxist theory,investment and consumption are the organic unity of social reproduction;from the perspective of economic theory,consumption and investment are never cut off.Based on the fact of the characteristics of investment and consumption in China and the theoretical logic of mutual promotion of investment and consumption,the virtuous circle of mutual promotion of investment and consumption should have the following characteristics:efficient investment plays a key role and consumption plays a fundamental role;consumption and investment are complementary to each other;meeting the people's aspirations for a better life is the goal of the formation of the virtuous circle of consumption and investment;the development of new productive forces is the cornerstone of the realization of the virtuous circle of consumption and investment.The development of new productive forces is the cornerstone of realizing the virtuous circle of consumption and investment.Therefore,we should take a dialectical view of the relationship between investment and consumption,take the transformation of consumption as the starting point for expanding investment,and focus on the promotion of income,agglomeration,building carriers,optimizing supply,improving people's livelihoods and other perspectives,so as to promote the formation of a virtuous circle of consumption and investment that promotes each other.