纳滤膜锂镁分离机理与影响因素研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Lithium and Magnesium Separation by Nanofiltration Membrane

锂作为21世纪的重要能源金属,被广泛应用于新能源和电池技术领域,但因其存在于盐湖等资源分布不均匀的环境中,使得高效分离锂和镁成为技术挑战。该文聚焦于纳滤膜技术在锂镁分离中的关键影响因素,首先,对膜表面形貌、孔径和孔径分布的调控进行了深入探讨,这些因素直接影响着锂镁分离效率。其次,粗糙度和膜厚度的适度调节被证明能够显著提高水渗透性,但这也引入了抗污染性的问题。同时揭示了纳滤膜正电荷的重要性以及如何调节交联度以增强镁的截留效果。此外,亲水性和官能团的引入被证明也能提高水通量,进一步优化了分离效果。最后,对开发新型膜材料、揭示界面聚合反应机制、提高抗污染性能等方面提出了展望,旨在为锂回收纳滤技术提供参考。

Lithium,as an essential energy metal in the 21st century,is widely used in the fields of novel energy and batteries.However,it is unevenly distributed in environments such as salt lakes,presenting a technical challenge for the efficient separa-tion of lithium and magnesium.The paper focuses on the key factors influencing the separation of lithium and magnesium by nanofiltration membrane.Firstly,membrane surface morphology,pore size,and pore size distribution directly affecting the separation efficiency of lithium and magnesium were discussed.Secondly,the moderate adjustments in roughness and mem-brane thickness have been proven to significantly improve water permeability,but this also introduces the issue of membrane fouling.Thirdly,the importance of positive charges in nanofiltration membranes and adjustments of cross-linking degree to enhance magnesium rejection effects were also revealed.Moreover,it has been proven that the introduction of hydrophilic and functional groups can improve water flux and further optimize the separation effect.Therefore,to advance lithium recovery nanofiltration technology,it is vital to develop new membrane materials,uncover interfacial polymerization reaction mecha-nisms,and enhance anti-fouling performance.