一般自我效能感在孕妇体重控制中的作用分析

Analysis of the Role of General Self-Efficacy in Weight Control of Pregnant Women

目的探索影响孕妇孕前体重及孕期体重增加(GWG)的相关因素,了解孕妇自身一般自我效能对于其体重控制的直接影响与中介效应。方法于2019年1月至2020年7月对在某社区卫生服务中心建档的900名孕妇进行问卷调查。结果AMOS中介效应检验结果显示,孕妇的孕前个人社会基础、孕前社会心理支持、孕前一般效能感、医生孕期体重管理认可度对孕妇体重控制有直接正向中介效应,而一般自我效能还在社会心理支持水平与GWG和孕前BMI之间起部分中介效应;另外,孕前BMI、孕妇对医生孕期体重管理认可度则在一般自我效能与GWG结果之间起部分中介效应。结论应对低一般自我效能感和低社会心理支持水平孕妇的体重控制情况予以重点关注,制定个性化的干预措施并开展综合干预。

Objective To explore the relevant factors affecting pre pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain(GWG),and understand the direct and mediating effects of general self-efficacy of pregnant women on their weight control.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 900 pregnant women who were registered at a community health service center from January 2019 to July 2020.Results The results of the AMOS mediation effect test showed that the pre pregnancy personal social foundation,pre pregnancy social psychological support,pre pregnancy general efficacy,and doctor’s recognition of pregnancy weight management had a direct positive mediating effect on weight control in pregnant women.General self-efficacy also partially mediated the relationship between social psychological support level and GWG and pre pregnancy BMI.In addition,pre pregnancy BMI and pregnant woman’s recognition of doctor's pregnancy weight management partially mediated the relationship between general self-efficacy and GWG results.Conclusion Special attention should be paid to the weight control of pregnant women with low general self-efficacy and low social psychological support levels,and personalized intervention measures should be developed and comprehensive interventions should be carried out.