上海市奉贤区2022年中小学校教室视觉环境监测分析

Monitoring and Analysis of Visual Environment in Classrooms of Primary and Secondary Schools in Fengxian District,Shanghai in 2022

目的掌握奉贤区中小学校的教室视觉环境状况,为改善学校教室视觉环境提供科学依据。方法于2022年对纳入国家常见病监测的7所中小学校的教室视觉环境依照相关标准进行监测评价。结果奉贤区7所中小学校教室视觉环境监测指标合格率高的有窗地面积比(100%)、黑板尺寸(85.71%)、黑板面照度均匀度(80.95%),合格率较低的有课桌椅分配符合率(30%)、黑板悬挂高度(42.86%)、后墙反射比(45.24%)、黑板面平均照度(50%)、课桌面平均照度(57.14%)、采光系数(59.52%)等。小学的黑板尺寸、课桌面照度均匀度合格率高于中学,而黑板悬挂高度、后墙反射比、黑板面照度均匀度的合格率低于中学;城市学校的课桌椅分配符合率、课桌面平均照度、黑板面平均照度、黑板面照度均匀度、教室采光系数、黑板尺寸的合格率高于农村学校,而黑板悬挂高度、后墙反射比的合格率低于农村学校。结论奉贤区中小学校的黑板悬挂高度合格率较低、课桌椅与身高严重不符、教室采光较差、教室照明有待改进等问题突出。建议通过学校卫生标准宣传、部门联防联控、持续推进近视防控适宜技术试点区建设等举措,建设中小学校友好视觉环境。

Objective To grasp the classroom visual environment status of primary and secondary schools in Fengxian District,and provide the scientific basis to improve the classroom visual environment.Methods In 2022,the visual environment of classrooms in 7 primary and secondary schools included in the national monitoring of common diseases were monitored and evaluated according to relevant standards.Results Among the visual environment monitoring indicators for classrooms in 7 primary and secondary schools in Fengxian District,the high pass rates included the window to ground ratio(100%),blackboard size(85.71%),and blackboard surface illuminance uniformity(80.95%);the low pass rates included the compliance rate of desk and chair allocation(30%),blackboard hanging height(42.86%),rear wall reflection ratio(45.24%),average blackboard surface illuminance(50%),average desktop illuminance(57.14%),and lighting coefficient(59.52%).The passing rate of the size of the blackboard and the uniformity of the illumination of the desktop in primary schools were higher than those of middle schools;the vertical distance between the lower edge of the blackboard and the floor of the podium,the reflection ratio of the back wall,and the blackboard surface illumination uniformity were lower than those of middle schools.In urban schools,the compliance rate of desk and chair allocation,the rate of the average illumination of the classroom desktop,the average illumination of the blackboard surface,the uniformity of the illumination of the blackboard surface,the lighting coefficient of the classroom,and the blackboard size were higher than those of rural schools,while the vertical distance between the lower edge of the blackboard and the floor of the podium and the reflection ratio of the back wall were lower than those of rural schools.Conlcusion The most prominent problems in the teaching visual environment of primary and secondary schools in Fengxian District are the low qualification rate of blackboard suspension height does not meet the standard,the desk and chair are seriously inconsistent with the student-height,the classroom lighting is poor,and the classroom lighting needs to be improved,and it is recommended to build a friendly visual environment for primary and secondary schools through measures such as the publicity of school health standards,joint prevention and control of departments,and the continuous promotion of the construction of pilot areas for appropriate technologies for myopia prevention and control.