漳州市诏安县2017-2022年法定传染病流行特征分析

Analysis of the Epidemic Characteristics of Statutory Infectious Diseases in Zhao’an County of Zhangzhou City from 2017 to 2022

目的分析2017—2022年漳州市诏安县法定传染病的流行特征,为制定传染病防控策略提供参考依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统收集2017—2022年漳州市诏安县法定传染病监测报告数据,采用Excel 2010和描述性流行病学方法分析其流行病学特征。结果诏安县2017—2022年共报告法定传染病13862例,年均发病率为384.42/105,报告发病率呈波动下降趋势(趋势χ2=484.488,P<0.05)。居发病前5位的病种依次为手足口病、流行性感冒、乙肝、肺结核、其它感染性腹泻。2020—2022年的年均发病率与2017—2019年比较,肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病的下降幅度大。5至9月为传染病的发病高峰期,12月至次年1月出现发病次高峰。男性的年均发病率显著高于女性(χ2=809.77,P<0.05);5岁以下年龄组的报告病例数最多;发病人群以散居儿童为主。结论诏安县2017—2022年法定传染病发病率有所下降,但仍应强化传染病监测,加强健康教育宣传,提高公众的防病意识,推广疫苗接种,切实把漳州市诏安县的传染病控制在更低水平。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Zhao’an County of Zhangzhou City from 2017 to 2022,and provide a reference basis for the formulation of infectious disease prevention and control strategies.Methods The data of the monitoring report of statutory infectious diseases in Zhao’an County from 2017 to 2022 was collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System,and its epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by EXCEL 2010 and descriptive epidemiological methods.Results In 2017-2022,a total of 13862 cases of statutory infectious diseases were reported in Zhao’an,with an average annual incidence rate of 384.42/105,and the reported incidence rate showed a fluctuating downward trend(trendχ2=484.488,P<0.05).The first five diseases were hand-foot-mouth disease,influenza,hepatitis B,tuberculosis,and other infectious diarrhea.Compared with 2017-2019,the average annual incidence rate in 2020-2022 was a large decline in intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases.From May to September,it is the peak period for infectious diseases,and there had a second peak from December to January of the following year.The average annual incidence rate of men was significantly higher than that of women(χ2=809.77,P<0.05);the age group under 5 years old had the highest number of reported cases;the affected population was mainly scattered children.Conclusion The incidence of statutory infectious diseases in Zhao’an County decreased from 2017 to 2022,but it is still necessary to strengthen the monitoring of infectious diseases,strengthen health education and publicity,improve public awareness of disease prevention,promote vaccination,and effectively control the infectious diseases in Zhao’an at a lower level.