放射性去污技术应用特点与发展方向

Application Characteristics and Development Direction of Radioactive Decontamination Technology

放射性去污是保障核工业可持续发展的重要技术手段。放射性去污不仅关系到核电站和放射性矿产资源开发等设施运行管理过程的综合成本,还关系到人员安全与社会环境安全,应引起足够重视。在对国内外核设施退役与检修过程常用放射性污染清除技术总结的基础上,分析了物理去污、化学去污、电氧化去污、微生物去污以及熔炼去污技术的使用条件和优缺点,提出了放射性去污的技术痛点与发展方向。

Radioactive decontamination is an important technical means to ensure the sustainable development of nuclear industry.Radioactive decontamination is not only related to the comprehensive cost of operating and managing facilities such as nuclear power plants,and the development of radioactive mineral resources,but also related to personnel safety and social environmental safety,and should be given sufficient attention.On the basis of summarizing various radioactive decontamination technologies commonly used in the process of decommissioning and maintenance of domestic nuclear facilities,the application conditions,advantages and disadvantages of physical decontamination,chemical decontamination,electro oxidation decontamination,microbial decontamination and smelting decontamination technologies are analyzed,and the technical pain points and development direction of decontamination technology is proposed.