面向碳中和情景的中国跨区域电氢协同优化配置研究

Research on Cross-regional Electricity and Hydrogen Coordinated Optimal Deployment towards Carbon Neutralization in China

为实现碳中和目标,构建高比例清洁能源电力系统势在必行。绿氢可为难以直接用电的终端用能领域提供零碳解决方案,成为可再生能源和部分终端用能之间的纽带,实现间接电能替代。如何在高比例清洁能源系统中对电能与氢能进行优化配置,是未来电力、绿氢发展中需要面对的重要问题。通过构建的电氢协同系统模型(GTSEP),量化评估电氢耦合的系统性价值,分析输电、输氢之间的关系,以全系统综合用能成本最低为目标,实现全国范围内大规模、跨区域电力与氢能生产、储存和运输的协调优化。将全国划分为七个区域,预计2060年绿氢需求量为7500×10^(4)t,全社会用电量需求将达到17×10^(12)kW·h,根据满足绿氢需求的不同方式,共设置4种模式进行对比分析。结果表明,采用电氢协同模式,各区域内利用可再生能源发电就地制氢并利用的总量为4000×10^(4)t,跨区输氢总量3500×10^(4)t,约占总需求的46%左右,其中直接管道输氢780×10^(4)t,输电代输氢1.1×10^(12)k W·h,绿氢平准化成本为9.32元/kg。电氢协同的零碳能源系统可以充分发挥氢易于大规模存储的优点和电能易于传输的特点。

In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,it is imperative to build a power system with high proportion of clean energy.Green hydrogen can provide zero-carbon solutions for energy end-use areas that are difficult to directly use electricity and become a link between renewable energy and some energy enduse,achieving indirect energy substitution.How to optimize the deployment of electric energy and hydrogen energy in a power system with high proportion of clean energy is an important issue to be faced in the future development of electric power and green hydrogen.Through the construction of Generation Transmission Storage Expansion Planning(GTSEP)model,the systematic value of electro-hydrogen coupling is quantitatively evaluated,and the relationship between power transmission and hydrogen transportation is analyzed.With the lowest comprehensive energy cost of the whole system as the goal,the coordination and optimization of large-scale and cross-regional energy production,storage and transportation of electricity and hydrogen nationwide is to be achieved.Dividing China into seven regions,the demand for green hydrogen is expected to be 75 million tons in 2060,and the total electricity consumption will reach 17 trillion kW·h.According to the different ways to meet the green hydrogen demand,4 modes are set up for comparative analysis.The results show that in the electricity-hydrogen coordination mode,the total amount of on-site hydrogen production and utilization using renewable energy power generation in each region is 40 million tons,and the total amount of cross-regional hydrogen transportation is 35 million tons,accounting for about 46%of the total demand.The hydrogen directly transported through pipelines is 7.8 million tons,and the power transmission′s replacement for hydrogen transportation is 1.1 trillion kW·h.The levelized cost of green hydrogen is 9.32yuan/kg.The electricity-hydrogen coordinated zero-carbon energy system can give full play to the advantages such as the easy storage of hydrogen on a large scale and the easy transmission of electric energy.