奥康纳生态学社会主义批判——以《自然的理由》导言为中心的分析

O’Connor’s Critique of Ecological Socialism:An Analysis Centered on the Preface to Natural Causes:Essays in Ecological Marxism

基于奥康纳《自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究》导言的文本分析,不难发现奥康纳以重构历史唯物主义的名义,对历史唯物主义进行了或直截了当或较为隐晦的否定和批判。这些否定和批判主要集中在三个方面,即马克思主义思想中存在生态学“理论空场”、暗示马克思主义是庸俗经济决定论、生态学社会主义是克服资本主义危机尤其是生态危机的唯一可行途径。奥康纳的批判是站不住脚的。在马克思那里,自然的解放和人的解放始终是一致的;马克思主义不仅为主体选择留下了足够空间,而且也从来没有否定除经济因素外其他因素的能动作用。实践已经证明中国式现代化新道路是真正追求人与自然和谐共生之路。

Based on a textual analysis of the preface to O’Connor’s Natural Causes:Essays in Ecological Marxism,it is not difficult to find O’Connor’s denial and critique of historical materialism,either outright or subtly,in the name of reconfiguring historical materialism.These denials and critiques focus on three aspects,namely,the existence of an ecological“theoretical void”in Marxist thought,the implication that Marxism is a vulgar economic determinism,and that ecological socialism is the only feasible way to overcome the capitalist crisis,especially the ecological crisis.O’Connor’s critique is untenable.Marxism does not have an ecological“theoretical void”,is not vulgar economic determinism,and ecological socialism is not an effective,let alone the only feasible,way of overcoming the crisis of capitalism in general and the ecological crisis in particular.