何种整体性值得追求?——再析道家思想的生态哲学价值

What Kind of Integration is Worth Pursuing?——Further Analysis of Eco-Philosophical Value of Taoist Thought

与各种将人与自然割裂开来的观念系统不同,道家思想是以“道”的本源性整合全部世间存在物。在此进程中,人之地位经受了三重“相对化”,它不再凌驾于世,而是内立于整体性的自然。需要关注的是,单纯追求将人类融入整体,生造一种彻底平均化的世界并非是《道德经》等经典著作的理论取向。在道家思想的境界里,人在属于自然整体的同时又有超越其他生物的角色,这种角色不再诱导对非人存在物的强权与控制,反而督促人类对自然进行有意识的护理。这种整体性与卓越性之间的张力,充分表明一种生态哲学所要求的非人类中心并非只接受一种平庸甚至败坏的人类形象。

Different from various conceptual systems that separate man from nature,Taoism integrates all the beings in the world with the originality of“Tao”.In this process,man’s position has undergone triple“relativization”.Man is no longer superior to nature,but rather internalized in the holistic nature.It should be noted that simply pursuing the integration of humanity into the whole and creating a completely homogenized world is not the theoretical orientation of classics such as the Tao Te Ching.In Taoist thought,man,while belonging to nature as a whole,has a role beyond that of other living beings,a role that no longer induces power and control over non-human beings,but instead urges man to consciously take care of nature.The tension between wholeness and superiority makes it abundantly clear that non-anthropocentry demanded by ecological philosophy is not one that accepts only a mediocre or even corrupt image of humanity.