生活环境主义视角下山地农村生态治理的社会机制——基于云南诺村案例

Social Mechanism of Ecological Governance in Mountainous Rural Areas from the Perspective of Life Environmentalism:A Case Study Based on Nuo Village,Yunnan Province

农村生态治理是生态文明建设的重要内容。治理农村的环境问题需要从居民日常生活的角度出发,促进农村社区或居民成为生态治理的主体。生活环境主义基于生活者的角度看待环境问题,并通过激发生活者的智慧以解决问题,为农村环境问题提供了治理方向。以该理论为分析框架,通过对云南诺村建立水源林历程的分析发现:诺村的生产生活方式与地方环境资源有着紧密的联系,其生态治理是在村民小组层面的共同体行动;水与森林资源具有公共性,为村民共同占有、使用,从而赋予村民参与治理的权利与身份;村民会议是整合村民不同利益诉求、“说法”的平台,村民通过博弈达成保护环境的共识;在实践层面,诺村基于生活常识而形成治理规则,并依托村社共同体进行监督和制裁。以农村社区为主体、地方性知识为基础的生态治理,可为我国西部山地农村的生态文明建设及社会治理现代化提供借鉴。

Rural ecological governance is an important element in the construction of ecological civilization.The management of environmental problems in rural areas requires the promotion of rural communities or residents as the mainstay of ecological governance from the perspective of their daily lives.Life environmentalism provides a direction for the governance of rural environmental problems by looking at environmental problems from the perspective of residents and stimulating their wisdom to solve them.Taking the theory of life environmentalism as the analytical framework,this paper explores the social mechanism and paths for realizing ecological governance by analyzing the process of establishing protected areas like headwater forest reserve in the mountainous rural village of Nuo.The study finds that the production and living styles of Nuo Village are closely linked to local environmental resources,and that its ecological governance is a community action at the level of village groups.Water and forest resources are public and jointly owned and used by villagers,thereby granting them the right and identity to participate in governance.The villagers’meeting serves as a platform to integrate different interest demands of villagers,enabling villagers to reach a consensus on environmental conservation through negotiation.In practice,Nuo Village establishes governance rules based on common sense of life,and relies on the village community for supervision and sanctions to promote ecological governance.The ecological governance with rural community as the main body and indigenous knowledge as the basis offers a reference for ecological civilization promotion and the modernization of social governance in western mountainous rural areas of China.