微咸水喷灌对冬小麦光合特性·根系分布及产量的影响

Effects of Brackish Water Sprinkler Irrigation on the Photosynthetic Characteristics,Root Distribution and Yield of Winter Wheat

为了探究合理的微咸水利用方式,因地制宜制定合理的微咸水喷灌策略,依托河北低平原咸水区试验站,通过田间小区试验探究连续2年淡水喷灌、2 g/L和3 g/L矿化度微咸水喷灌对河北低平原地区冬小麦叶片光合特性、根系分布及产量的影响。结果表明:与淡水喷灌(CK)相比,2、3 g/L矿化度微咸水喷灌处理2020和2021年冬小麦灌浆期叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、叶片水分利用效率(LWUE)和气孔限制值(L_(s))均有所降低。与淡水灌溉相比,2 g/L矿化度微咸水处理总体上并未对冬小麦的生长和产量造成显著影响,3 g/L矿化度微咸水处理对冬小麦的生长以及产量造成显著抑制作用,并且盐分的累积进一步加重了次年对冬小麦生长的抑制作用。该研究结果表明在河北低平原淡水资源相对缺乏的地区应用微咸水喷灌可以在一定程度上缓解当地干旱胁迫对冬小麦生产的影响,2 g/L矿化度微咸水喷灌在缓解农业用水紧张的同时可以减缓盐分累积对冬小麦生长和产量的抑制作用,保障正常的农业生产活动。

In order to explore the rational utilization method of brackish water and formulate a reasonable sprinkler irrigation mechanism of brackish water,based on the experimental station in Hebei low-plain salt water area,the effects of freshwater sprinkler irrigation,2 g/L and 3 g/L_(s)alinity brackish water sprinkling irrigation on the leaf photosynthesis characteristics,root distribution and yield of winter wheat were studied through two consecutive years of field plot experiment.The results showed that compared with freshwater sprinkler irrigation(CK),the leaf net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),leaf water use efficiency(LWUE)and limited value of stomatal(L_(s))of winter wheat in grain-filling stage in 2020 and 2021 in the brackish water sprinkling irrigation treatments with the mineralization degree of 2 g/L and 3 g/L all decreased than those in freshwater sprinkler irrigation(CK).Compared with freshwater sprinkler irrigation,2 g/L brackish water treatments had no significant effect on the growth and yield of winter wheat,while 3 g/L_(s)aline water treatment significantly inhibited the growth and yield of winter wheat,and the accumulation of salt further inhibited the growth of winter wheat in the second year.The research results indicated that the application of brackish water sprinkler irrigation could alleviate the effects of drought stress on the production of winter wheat in the low-plain areas of Hebei which was lack of freshwater resources to a certain extent.2 g/L The saline water sprinkler irrigation with the mineralization degree of 2 g/L could relieve the water shortage in agriculture,but it also could reduce the inhibition of salt accumulation on the growth and yield of winter wheat,and ensure normal agricultural production activities.