生物法含油污泥资源化回收与处理技术的研究进展

Research Progress of Recovery and Treatment Technology of Oily Sludge by Biological Process

本文以油田含油污泥为研究对象,阐述了建立高效含油污泥原油资源化回收及其降解无害化的生物处理方法。分别提出了不同原油含量(高含油量>15%与低含油量4%~5%)油泥的生物法解决方案。首先,阐述了铜绿假单胞菌及其代谢产物糖脂类生物表活剂与油泥中原油破乳的作用机制,实现了高含油量油泥的资源化原油回收。其次,论述了采用生物泥浆反应器,投加高效石油烃降解菌,实现了低含油量油泥的高效快速降解。最后,揭示了生物酶产生菌、生物表活剂产生菌与石油烃降解菌协同降解石油类有机物的作用机理。

Taking oil sludge as the research object,this paper describes the establishment of efficient and harmless biological treatment methods for the oil recovery and degradation of oil sludge.Biological solutions of sludge with different crude oil content(high oil content>15%and low oil content 4%~5%)were proposed respectively.Firstly,the mechanism of action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its metabolites(glucolip-ids)biosurfactants on crude oil demulsification in oil sludge was described,and the recovery of resource crude oil from oil sludge with high oil con-tent was realized.Secondly,the high efficiency petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria was added to the bioreactor to achieve the high efficiency and rapid degradation of low oil content sludge.Finally,the mechanism of synergistic degradation of petroleum organic matter by enzyme-producing bacteria,biosurfactant-producing bacteria and petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria was revealed.