美国针灸流派教育的发展现状及启示

The Development Status and Enlightenment of Acupuncture School Education in America

针灸教育是针灸学在美国传播和发展的根基,也是针灸学在美国发展繁荣的缩影。“针灸热”50年来,美国建立了除我国之外最完整、最具规模的针灸教育体系。美国针灸流派教育作为美国针灸教育的重要组成部分,体现了美国针灸教育的多元化发展特点。系统梳理美国针灸流派的形成、传播过程以及美国针灸流派教育的建立和发展情况。在此基础上,依据建构主义教学理论和结构主义理论,分析美国针灸流派教育在美国针灸教育中的发展形势,揭示美国针灸流派教育存在学科体系松散、理论教学不足和文化教育缺失的问题,并从教育方式改革、教材编撰、课程设置和文化传播方面提出应对策略,以期为针灸流派教育在其他西方国家的发展乃至中医药国际传播提供借鉴。

Acupuncture education is the foundation of the spread and development of acupuncture in America.And also the epitome of the development and prosperity of acupuncture in America.As an important part of American acupuncture education,American acupuncture school education reflects the diversified development characteristics of American acupuncture education.This paper systematically reviews the formation and spread of acupuncture schools in the United States and the establishment and devel-opment of acupuncture schools education in America.On this basis,according to constructivism teaching theory and structuralism theory,this paper analyzes the development situation of acupuncture school education in American acupuncture education,and reveals the problems of loose discipline system,rigid examination system,insufficient theoretical teaching and lack of cultural education in American acupuncture education.In order to provide reference for the development of acupuncture education in other western countries and even the international spread of Chinese medicine,this paper puts forward corresponding solutions from the aspects of system reform,textbook compilation,curriculum setting and cultural communication.