关税壁垒、制造业智能化与中国碳排放工业机器人应用观察视角

Tariff Barriers,Manufacturing Intelligence and China's Carbon Emissions:Observation Perspective of Industrial Robot Applications

在世界范围内气候危机和逆全球化思潮日益严重的背景下,重新审视关税壁垒、制造业智能化与碳排放之间的关系对于统筹实现“双碳”目标、经济增长和高水平对外开放具有重要意义。本文将2006-2019年中国制造业面板数据、WITS进口国关税数据和IFR工业机器人应用数据进行合并,以此为基础考察了关税壁垒对制造业碳排放的影响,并研究了以工业机器人应用为代表的智能化转型在其中发挥的作用。结果发现:关税壁垒在减少资本密集型行业碳排放的同时增加了非资本密集型行业的碳排放。影响机制研究表明,关税壁垒主要通过技术效应影响制造业碳排放,但其影响具有明显的异质性。此外,工业机器人的应用可以从提高研发投入强度和促进减排技术进步两个维度驱动制造业在面对关税壁垒时降低碳排放。进一步研究发现,在资本密集型行业、高能耗行业和机器人渗透率较低的行业,工业机器人的作用更为显著。上述结论从行业层面拓展了环境问题的相关研究,为当前国内外形势下如何“先立后破”地促进我国制造业绿色转型提供了政策启示。

In the context of the worldwide Climate crisis and the growing trend of anti-globalization,it is particularly important to re-examine the relationship between tariff barriers,manufacturing intelligence and carbon emissions to coordinate the achievement of the“dual carbon”goals,economic growth,and high-level opening to the outside world.Based on the Panel data of China's manufacturing industry,tariff data of WITS importing countries and IFR robot application data from 2006 to 2019,this paper examines the impact of tariff barriers on China's manufacturing carbon emissions,and studies the role of manufacturing intelligence represented by industrial robot applications in it.The results indicate that tariff barriers reduce carbon emissions in capital intensive industries while increasing carbon emissions in non-capital intensive industries.The research on the impact mechanism shows that tariff barriers mainly affect manufacturing carbon emissions through technological effects,but their effects have significant heterogeneity.In addition,the application of industrial robots can drive the manufacturing industry to reduce carbon emissions in the face of tariff barriers from two dimensions:increasing R&D investment intensity and promoting technological progress in emission reduction.Further research finds that the role of industrial robots is more significant in capital intensive industries,high-energy consuming industries,and industries with lower robot penetration rates.The above conclusion expands the relevant research on environmental issues at the industry level and provides policy inspiration for how to promote the green transformation of China's manufacturing industry in the current domestic and international situation by"establishing first and then breaking through".