工程起重伤害事故影响因素分析与组态效应研究:基于扎根理论和fsQCA方法

The Configuration Effect of Lifting Injury Accidents in Engineering Industry Based on Grounded Theory and fsQCA

起重伤害事故是影响施工安全的主要因素之一,研究其复杂性成因有利于建筑行业的可持续管理。以中国的94份工程起重伤害事故作为有效样本,运用扎根理论识别与提取起重伤害事故的致因因素,得到了207个初始概念、33个开放性编码、6个主轴编码。在此基础上,构建起重伤害事故影响因素模型,并将扎根理论与模糊集定性比较分析方法的优势互补后进行结合,揭示了工程施工现场起重伤害事故致因因素的组态效应及复杂交互机理。研究发现:起重伤害事故的致因因素可以分为人机状态、现场环境与监管质量3个层次,包括作业人员的不安全行为和作业现场的不安全环境等六大类别。单个因素无法单独构成起重伤害事故的必要条件,有三类条件组态构成起重伤害事故的驱动路径。施工现场起重伤害事故是多因素的协同作用,因素的交互组合以“殊途同归”的方式加大了起重事故的伤害程度。

Lifting injury accidents are one of the main factors causing construction safety.The study of complex causes of lifing injury accidents is beneficial to the sustainable management of the construction industry.In this paper,94 lifting injury accidents in China were used as valid samples.To identify and extract the causal factors of lifting injury accidents,207 initial concepts,33 open codes,and 6 principal axis codes were obtained based on grounded theory.Then,the influencing factor model of the lifting injury acident was constructed by combining the advantages of grounded theory and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis methods.This study reveals the configuration effect and complex interaction mechanism of the causative factors of lifting injuries on construction sites.We found that the causal factors of lifting accidents can be divided into three levels:human-machine state,on-site environment,and supervision quality;and into six categories,such as unsafe behaviors of operators and unsafe environment at the work site.Individual factors cannot individually constitute the necessary conditions for lifting accidents.Three types of condition groupings constitute the causal path of lifting accidents.Lifting accidents on construction sites result from the synergistic effects of multiple factors,and the interactive combination of factors increases the injury from lifting accidents in different ways.