马克思对哲学话语的批判性变革及其现实效应

Marx’s Critical Reform of Philosophical Discourse and Its Practical Effects

哲学话语是哲学思想的语言载体和最初表达。马克思生活时期,德国流行的哲学话语虽蕴含深厚的理性根基和强大的逻辑法则,但也存在用观念架空生活世界的缺陷。马克思新哲学的创立,挑战并瓦解了以德国哲学为代表的西方源远流长的思辨哲学话语传统,实现了意义重大又影响深远的哲学话语变革。马克思解构了脱离生活世界而独立演绎的哲学话语逻辑,去除了非具体、非历史的概念、范畴,抛弃了晦涩悬空的哲学话语风格,将纯粹抽象的命题推演回归到具体、繁杂且大众化的生产生活中。马克思对哲学话语的批判性变革激起了包括无产阶级在内的底层大众对话语权以及历史编纂权的争夺,引发了巨大的现实效应。只有充分探究马克思对哲学话语的批判性变革及其现实效应,才能真正领会马克思在哲学话语建构上的原创性贡献及其作为无产阶级话语建构第一人的历史地位。

Philosophical discourse is the carrier and initial expression of philosophical ideas.During the period of Marx’s life,although the popular philosophical discourse in Germany contained profound founda-tion and powerful logic,there was also a flaw in using conceptual logic that was impractical in real life.When Marx established a new philosophy,he challenged and disintegrated the western traditional discourse of speculative philosophy represented by German philosophy,thus achieving a significant and far-reaching reform of philosophical discourse.Marx deconstructed the independently-deduced logic of philosophical dis-course that was away from reality and removed non-concrete and non-historical concepts and categories.He abandoned obscure and impractical style of philosophical discourse,and thus deduction of purely abstract propositions reverted to concrete,complex,and popular production and life.Marx’s critical reform of philo-sophical discourse sparked a fight among the lower class,including the proletariat,for the right of discourse and historiography,which extended huge practical effects.Therefore,only by fully exploring Marx’s critical reform of philosophical discourse and its practical effects,can we truly understand Marx’s original contribu-tion to the construction of philosophical discourse and his historical position as the pioneer of proletarian’s discourse.