生态环境损害救济条款何以入民法

Why Did the Provision for Ecological and Environmental Damage Relief Enter the Civil Law

生态环境损害救济系属公益救济范畴,故其在民事私法中的规定引发了多方质疑。生态环境损害救济条款入民法呈三层顺进之路。从现实角度看,由于公权手段在环境救济领域失灵以及环境法治体系不完善等问题,带有损害填补功能的生态损害救济条款只得规定于民法典之中。从可适配性角度出发,侵权责任法与生态损害救济的核心价值追求一致,侵权责任认定规则与生态损害责任认定可相匹配,责任承担方式也基本可满足生态救济需求,为环境公益救济入民法提供了可行进路。从法理学视角审视,厘清实在法意义上法律条文、规范性文件与学理层面法律规范、法律部门之间的界限,明确体系冲击论为虚假命题,证成生态损害救济条款何以入民法。

The relief of ecological environment damage belongs to the category of public welfare relief,which has caused many doubts in civil private law.The road to the entry of the ecological environmental damage relief clause into the civil law has three layers.From a practical point of view,the failure of public power means in the field of environmental relief,and the environmental legal system is not perfect.The ecological damage relief provisions with the function of damage compensation can only be stipulated in the civil code.From the perspective of adaptability,the tort liability law is consistent with the core value pursuit of ecological damage relief.The identification rules of tort liability can match the identification of ecological damage liability.The way of responsibility can basically meet the needs of ecological relief,which provides a feasible way for environmental public welfare relief to enter civil law.From the perspective of jurisprudence,the study clarifies the boundaries between legal provisions and normative documents in the sense of positive law and legal norms and legal departments in the academic level,clarifies the false proposition of system impact theory,and proves why ecological damage relief clauses should be included into the civil law.