我国民用无人机货运侵权风险及防范策略研究

Research on Infringement Risk and Prevention Strategy of Civil UAV Cargo in China

无人机货运方兴未艾,安全问题是民用无人机货运过程中不可回避的问题。为了解决无人机货运面临的安全问题,确定无人机货运侵权责任的担责主体、归责原则以及责任承担方式,完善无人机货运领域的相关法律规定,提出相应的侵权风险防范策略是本次研究的主要目的。通过比较研究法、法经济学“成本—收益”模型,区分无人机一方侵权、第三人致损、无人机产品缺陷的三类情况,提出货运无人机之间、无人机与传统有人驾驶航空器之间采用过错责任归责原则,货运无人机对地面第三人致损采用无过错归责原则,并在遵循中国自身独特的历史经验的同时完善《民用航空法》相关规定,严格落实货运无人机注册登记制度、打造第三方监管平台、把控货运无人机机长驾驶资质、实行货运无人机航空保险制度,为无人机货运的可持续发展保驾护航。

The cargo industry of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)is experiencing rapid growth,but it inevitably faces security concerns.This research aims to address the challenges in UAV cargo by determining the liable parties,liability principles,and methods of assuming responsibility.It also focuses on improving the existing legal provisions and proposing preventive strategies for risk management.Through a comparative research method and a cost-benefit model of law and economics,three types of cases are distinguished:infringement by one party,damages caused by third parties,and defects in UAV products.The principle of fault liability for cargo UAVs is proposed to differentiate their liability from that of traditional manned aircraft.Additionally,a principle of no-fault liability is recommended for damages caused by cargo UAVs to third parties on the ground.While adhering to China’s unique historical experiences,efforts should be made to enhance the regulations outlined in the Civil Aviation Law.This includes implementing a registration system for cargo UAVs,establishing a robust third-party supervision platform,enforcing strict control over UAV pilot qualifications,and implementing the relevant aviation insurance system.These measures contribute to the sustainable development of the emerging industry of UAV cargo transportation.