职业教育与学术教育融合的新模式:管窥汉堡职业大学

A New Model for the Integration of Vocational and Academic Education:Restricted View at Hamburg Vocational University

2020年,汉堡职业大学的创设为德国教育版图增添新元素,直观表征德国职业教育在高等层次,尤其是高校体系内的一种发展布局。为回应挖掘混合教育潜力的政策呼吁,依托“基于设计的研究”传统和新制度主义组织理论,德国学者开发了旨在促进职业教育与学术教育等值,实现教育路径统筹设计的通用模型——高校学业融合型职业教育模式,并继而以新成立的汉堡职业大学为机构载体,在法制保障和项目支撑下展开“四学年、三地点、两资格”的办学实践和模式验证。作为德国构建融通性教育体系的重要尝试和阶段产物,汉堡职业大学利用一种新的高校形式承载职业教育与学术教育融合形成的混合教育,在坚守和强化原有类型优势的同时,建构职业教育与学术教育融通共生新形态,基于对已有模式的回归与发展,拓展德国教育体系的结构格局,体现出教育体系调整和教育模式构建中理论、制度、实践的联动。

In 2020,the establishment of the Hamburg Vocational University adds a new element to the German education pattern,characterizing the development of German vocational education at the tertiary level,especially within the higher education institution system.Adhering to the general model of study-integrated apprenticeship that reflects the equality of vocational and academic education and realizes the overall design of educational paths in response to the call for tapping the potential of hybrid education,Hamburg Vocational University has determined its verification value and typical significance as an institutional carrier through the tradition of"design-based research"and the neo-institutionalist organizational theory.Under the protection of the legal system and the promotion of the project,the teaching practice of"four years,three locations,and two qualifications"is carried out.The model of study-integrated apprenticeship and Hamburg Vocational University are an important attempt and representative product in the construction of a permeable education system in Germany.As a new form of university,Hamburg Vocational University uses the vocational-academic hybrid education model,forms a new pattern of integration and permeability between vocational and academic education while maintaining and strengthening their original typicality,expands the structure of the education system based on the development and return to the existing model,and reflects the linkage of theory,institution and practice in the adjustment of the education system and the construction of the education model.