优势眼的特征及转换在眼部疾病治疗中的意义

Features of dominant eye and the significance of ocular dominance switching in the treatment of ocular diseases

优势眼是指两眼在视物时起主导作用的眼,在双眼视功能和融合功能中发挥重要作用,其形成机制较为复杂。根据优势眼检查方法的原理不同,可分为注视性、运动性和知觉性优势眼3种类型,每一类优势眼的检查方法有所不同。由于双眼疾病进展不平衡引起的视力或视功能的改变,可能会导致优势眼的转换,进而影响双眼视觉平衡及治疗效果。因此,忽视优势眼的定位或错误判断会改变双眼间长期建立的视觉平衡,对视觉质量和生活质量带来不同程度影响。这种现象主要体现在屈光不正配镜矫正、屈光手术、斜视矫正手术、弱视训练方法和白内障人工晶状体度数的测定等过程中。基于优势眼的眼别进行医疗方案的制定,对患者良好双眼视觉的重建和生活质量的改善尤其重要。然而,优势眼在双眼视功能中的作用目前尚未完全明确,临床医生也缺乏对其重要性的足够认知。本文就优势眼的形成机制、检查方法和优势眼转换的临床意义等相关的最新研究进展进行综述。

The dominant eye is the eye that plays a significant role in visual perception.It plays an essential role in binocular vision and fusion functions with a complex formation mechanism.According to the principle of the dominant eye examination method,ocular dominance can be classified into sighting,motor,and sensory dominance.Changes in visual acuity or visual function due to the unbalanced progression of binocular disease may lead to the switch in the dominant eye,affecting the balance of binocular vision and the therapeutic effect.Therefore,misjudging or neglecting of the dominant eye will change the long-term visual balance between the eyes,which may affect people's visual quality and quality of life.These aspects are mainly represented in the process of refractive error correction,refractive surgery,strabismus correction surgery,amblyopia training methods and cataract intraocular lens measurement.The formulation of medical plans based on the strategy of the dominant eye can remarkably improve the reconstruction good binocular vision and the quality of life of patients.However,the role of the dominant eye in binocular vision is not fully understood,and clinicians are not sufficiently aware of its importance.Therefore,this study will review the latest research progress on the mechanism of dominant eye formation,examination methods,and clinical significance of dominant eye switching.