论机场管理人对旅客的安全保障义务

On the Airport Administrator's Security Obligation for Passengers

随着民航业的不断发展,人们越来越多地选择飞机作为自己和家人出行的工具。除原有机场外新兴机场也陆续竣工并投入使用。关于旅客在机场发生事故后机场是否要承担责任,机场承担责任的原因以及机场承担责任的范围等相关问题引发学界和实务界的讨论。《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)颁布后,合同编、侵权责任编有了更加细致的架构和梳理,其中安全保障义务更是明确了机场这一特殊主体,这更加彰显了探讨机场安全保障义务的必要性和减少机场涉诉案件的可期待性。但是由于安全保障义务本身还缺乏较为细致的研究,关于安全保障义务如何界定、安全保障的限度和责任承担方式都尚未有定论,所以本文期望通过从不同的角度明确机场作为责任主体承担安全保障义务的相关法律问题。

With the continuous development of the civil aviation industry,more and more people choose airplanes as a means of transportation for themselves and their families.In addition to existing airports,new ones are being completed and put into use.Issues such as whether airports should be held responsible for accidents that occur on their premises,the reasons why they should be held accountable and the extent of their liability have sparked discussions among academics and practitioners.After the promulgation of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code),there has been a more detailed structure and organization of the contract and tort liability sections.Among them,the security obligation clearly defines the airport as a special subject which further highlights the necessity of exploring airport security obligations and the predictability of reducing airport litigation cases.However,due to the lack of detailed research on security obligations themselves,there is still no consensus on how to define security obligations,the limits of security guarantees and the ways of assuming responsibility.Therefore,this article aims to clarify the relevant legal issues of airports as responsible entities to undertake security obligations from different perspectives.