学历错配对职业流动的影响:来自雇主-雇员匹配数据的证据

The Impact of Educational Mismatch on Job Turnover:Evidence from Linked Employer-employee Data

中国高等教育规模大幅度扩张以来,越来越多的大学生就职于学历要求低于自身学历的工作。本文基于雇主—雇员匹配数据,运用倾向得分匹配法缓解自选择偏误,实证检验了学历错配对大专及以上学历群体职业流动的影响。研究发现,在控制企业固定效应的框架下,学历错配的员工有更强的离职意愿,且伴随有工作搜寻行为;与客观学历错配相比,主观学历匹配对员工流动的影响更大。异质性分析显示,学历错配对职业流动的影响在女性、城市户口、职业发展初期、非国有或集体企业员工群体中更加显著。从机制分析看出,工资并不是一个有效的机制变量,而工作满意度、与单位价值观契合度等非货币性因素是重要机制。

With the rapid expansion of higher education in China,more and more college graduates are engaged in jobs that don't require a college education.Using a unique employer-employee matched dataset,this paper examines the effect of educational mismatch on turnover intention and job search behavior among employees with at least an associate's degree.This paper utilizes a propensity score matching method to alleviate self-selection bias while controlling for firm fixed effects.The results show that mismatched employees are more likely to have turnover intentions and job searching behaviors than their matched counterparts.Importantly,subjective mismatches have a much stronger effect than objective mismatches.In addition,the mechanism analyses reveal that income is not a major mechanism through which educational mismatch leads to job turnovers,whereas non-pecuniary aspects such as job satisfaction and person-organization value congruence appear to be important mechanisms.