劳动保护会增加技能错配吗?——基于劳动力社保参保的视角

Does Labor Protection Increase Skill Mismatch?Based on the Perspective of Workers'Social Security Participation

本文利用中国劳动力动态调查数据与相对应的地级市数据,从劳动力社保参保视角考察劳动保护对技能错配的影响。结果表明,劳动保护显著降低了技能错配概率,这一结论经过工具变量法、删除极端值、替换劳动保护指标后依然稳健。机制检验发现,劳动保护主要通过提高劳动者的主观努力程度来降低技能错配概率,虽然工资扭曲的中介效应不显著,但实证表明降低工资扭曲程度有利于降低技能错配。进一步通过劳动者主体异质性分析发现,与国企劳动者、高收入劳动者以及第一、二产业劳动者相比,劳动保护对非国企劳动者、低收入劳动者和第三产业劳动者技能错配的改善作用存在差异。因此,为充分发挥社保的促公平和增效率作用,要推进社保改革为劳动者降负担、增保障,推进劳动力市场改革向提高劳动者获得感和满足感方向前进。

Using China Labor-force Dynamic Survey data and corresponding prefecture-level city data,this paper examines the effect of labor protection on skill mismatch,from a perspective of social security participation.The results show that labor protection significantly reduces the probability of skill mismatch,and this finding remains robust after instrumental variable approach,removal of extreme values,and replacement of labor protection indicators.Mechanism tests find that labor protection reduces the probability of skill mismatch primarily by increasing workers'subjective effort and,although the mediating effect of wage distortions is not significant,empirical evidence suggests that reducing wage distortion is beneficial to mitigating skill mismatch.The analysis of the heterogeneities finds that labor protection has a diferent obviating effect on skll mismatch among non-SOE workers,low-income workers,and workers in the tertiary industry from that among SOE workers,high-income workers,and workers in the primary and secondary industries.Therefore,in order to give full play to the role of social security in improving fairness and efficiency,it is necessary to promote social security reform to lower burden and increase protection for workers,and to advance labor market reform in the direction of enhancing workers'sense of gain and satisfaction.