2018—2022年成都市某区小学生龋齿患病情况分析

Prevalence of dental caries among primary school students in Chenghua District of Chengdu City from 2018 to 2022

目的了解成都市某区小学生龋齿患病情况及其变化趋势,为制定学生龋齿防治策略提供参考。方法收集2018—2022年成都市某区学校卫生综合监测中所有小学生的龋齿检查数据,所得数据利用IBM SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,各年份、年龄和性别的小学生之间龋齿患病情况的差异使用χ^(2)检验和方差分析,检验水准α=0.05,若进行各组间多重比较,其校正检验水准α’=α/比较次数。结果2018—2022年成都市某区共进行口腔检查的小学生354929人,173883人检出龋齿,龋患率为48.99%,其中乳牙龋患率为40.25%,恒牙龋患率为12.53%,龋均为1.59,龋齿充填率13.95%。2018—2022年小学生龋患率分别为45.99%、49.32%、50.09%、51.53%和47.65%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=520.499,P<0.001)。不同性别的乳牙龋患率(χ^(2)=2.476,P=0.116)、龋齿充填率(χ^(2)=0.385,P=0.535)差异均无统计学意义;女生的龋患率(χ^(2)=312.091,P<0.001)和恒牙龋患率(χ^(2)=1218.053,P<0.001)均高于男生。龋患率、乳牙龋患率随年龄增长呈先升高后下降趋势(χ^(2)值分别为17459.123,57471.671,P均<0.001),恒牙龋患率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势=87509.367,P<0.001);龋患率、乳牙龋患率最高的年龄组均为8岁,恒牙龋患率最高的年龄组为12岁。结论成都市某区小学生龋患率高、充填率较低,应采取“加强宣传教育—提高健康意识—养成卫生习惯”的综合策略保障小学生口腔健康。

Objective To understand the prevalence and change trend of dental caries among primary school students in Chenghua District of Chengdu City,and to provide reference for formulating the prevention and control strategy of caries among primary school students.Methods The dental caries examination data of students in the school health comprehensive surveillance in Chenghua District of Chengdu City from 2018 to 2022 were collected and statistically analyzed by IBM SPSS25.0 software.The prevalence of dental caries among primary school students of different years,gender and age was compared by ANOVA and Chi-square test.The test level wasα=0.05.For multiple comparisons between groups,the calibration test levelα′=α/number of comparisons.Results From 2018 to 2022,there were 354929 primary school students in Chenghua District of Chengdu City examined for dental caries,and 173883 of them were diagnosed with dental caries,with a caries rate of 48.99%.Among them,the caries rate of deciduous teeth was 40.25%,the caries rate of permanent teeth was 12.53%,the average number of caries was 1.59,and the caries filling rate was 13.95%.The caries rates of primary school students were 45.99%,49.32%,50.09%,51.53%and 47.65%from 2018 to 2022,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=520.499,P<0.001).Between different genders,no significant differences were found for the caries rate of deciduous teeth(χ^(2)=2.476,P=0.116)and the caries filling rate(χ^(2)=0.385,P=0.535).The caries rate(χ^(2)=312.091,P<0.001)and the caries rate of permanent teeth(χ^(2)=1218.053,P<0.001)of girls were both higher than those of boys.The caries rate and the caries rate of deciduous teeth increased first and then decreased with age(χ^(2)=17459.123 and57471.671,respectively,all P<0.001).The caries rate of permanent teeth increased with age(χ^(2)trend=87509.367,P<0.001).The caries rate and the caries rate of deciduous teeth were the highest in the 8-year-old group,and the caries rate of permanent teeth was the highest in the 12-year-old group.Conclusions The caries rate was high and the filling rate was low in primary school students in Chenghua District of Chengdu City.The comprehensive strategy of“strengthening publicity and education,improving health consciousness and forming health habits”should be adopted to protect the oral health of primary school students.