岷江、嘉陵江流域饮用水中高氯酸盐的污染水平及健康风险评价

Pollution levels and health risk assessment of perchlorate in drinking water in the Minjiang and Jialing River Basins

目的分析岷江、嘉陵江流域沿岸地区饮用水中高氯酸盐的污染水平,评估其产生的健康风险,为保障区域饮用水安全提供参考数据。方法2022年对岷江、嘉陵江干流附近21个监测点进行现场采样,采集126份饮用水水样,利用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法对饮用水中高氯酸盐的浓度进行检测。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析,不同类型饮用水中高氯酸盐浓度的比较使用单因素方差分析和Fisher多重方差比较,不同水期的高氯酸盐通过配对t检验进行比较,不同流域的高氯酸盐通过Mann-Whitney U检验进行比较,检验水准α=0.05。使用美国环保署的健康风险模型对人体进行健康风险评估。结果126个水样高氯酸盐全部检出,检出率100%,最大值15.60μg/L,中位数2.80μg/L。不同水期及流域高氯酸盐浓度差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。岷江相对于嘉陵江流域高氯酸盐浓度较高、总体上游偏高。经饮水途径摄入高氯酸盐对人体的非致癌风险值均小于1。结论2022年岷江、嘉陵江饮用水监测点的高氯酸盐浓度均未超过国家标准限值,且均未发现非致癌风险,高氯酸盐浓度分布应引起关注,以保障流域区域饮用水安全。

Objective To analyze the pollution level of Perchlorate in drinking water in the basin and coastal areas of Minjiang river and Jialing river,and to assess its health risks,and to provide reference data for the safety limit of drinking water in the basin areas.Methods In 2022,on-site sampling was conducted at 21 monitoring points near the main stream of Minjiang and Jialing River,total of 126 drinking water samples were collected,and the perchlorate content in drinking water was detected by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method.The concentration change and spatial distribution of perchlorate in different types of water were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.Single factor analysis of variance and Fisher multiple variance comparison were used to compare the concentration of that.Perchlorate in different water stages was compared by paired t-test,and perchlorate in different basins was compared by Mann-Whitney U test,the test levelα=0.05.By using the US Environmental Protection Agency's(US EPA)health risk model to assess human health risks.Results Total 126 water samples were all detected for perchlorate,with a detection rate of 100%and a maximum value of 15.60μg/L,median 2.80μg/L.There difference in Perchlorate concentration in water periods and watersheds was considered statistically significant(all P<0.05).The concentration distribution of perchlorate in the water sample showed that the Minjiang river was higher than that of Jialing river,and the overall upstream was higher.The non carcinogenic risk values of Perchlorate intake through drinking water were less than 1.Conclusions The perchlorate detection values of drinking water monitoring points in the Minjiang and Jialing Rivers in 2022 did not exceed the national standard limits.The non carcinogenic risk of Perchlorate in drinking water in the basins of Minjiang and Jialing Rivers is acceptable.Attention should be paid to the concentration distribution of perchlorate to ensure the safety of drinking water in the basin.