脑机接口替代身体“限度”的哲学审视

A Philosophical Review of the Limitations of Brain-computer Interface Replacing the Body

脑机接口的出现提供了替代身体的可能性,当下鲜有对其替代“限度”的哲学考察。首先,当下脑机接口主要涉及对“自然身体”感知和能动性的替代,但脑机接口不具备身体感知的“精准度”以及输出活动的“顺畅度”,因此这种替代是有限的。其次,身体现象学将身体作为揭示主体存在境况的关键概念,此种“泛化身体观”把握了身体的认知特征,脑机接口则忽视了此种认知功能,从而导致替代的有限性。最后,脑机接口在感知、认知和能动性上的替代限度,决定了它不是对人类以及身体活动的“模仿”和“复制”,这为未来脑机接口发展提供了新的启示。

The emergence of brain-computer interface(BCI)provides the possibility of replacing the body,yet there are currently few philosophical investigations on its replacement"limits".Firstly,current BCI mainly involves the substitution of the perception and agency of the"natural body",but BCI lacks the"precision"of bodily perception and the"smoothness"of body movements,so this substitution is limited.Secondly,phenomenology of the body regards the body as a key concept revealing the existential condition of the subject.This"generalized body view"grasps the cognitive characteristics of the body,which BCI overlooks,resulting in the limitation of substitution.Lastly,the limits of substitution in perception,cognition,and agency determine that they are not"imitations"or"replication"of human and bodily activities,which provide new insights for the future development of BCI.