摘要
安乐死根据执行方式可分为消极安乐死和积极安乐死,根据病人同意方式分为自愿安乐死和非自愿安乐死。存在主义的生命哲学精髓可概括为“存在的超越性和选择的价值性、死亡的自由性和生命的创造性”。从存在主义哲学视角来审视安乐死的合法性问题:消极安乐死基于存在的超越性,让生命有尊严、自然地离开;积极安乐死基于选择的价值性,让生命走向本真的存在;自愿安乐死尊重死亡的自由性,让生命死得其时、获得一个圆满的结局;非自愿安乐死从反面论证了生命的创造性,让生命成就社会幸福、实现完美的谐和。
Euthanasia can be classified into passive euthanasia and active euthanasia according to the execution method,and into voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia according to the patient's consent.The essence of existential philosophy of life can be summarized as"transcendence of existence and value of choice,freedom of death and creativity of life".This paper examines the legality of euthanasia from the perspective of existential philosophy:passive euthanasia is based on the transcendence of existence,allowing life to leave naturally with dignity;active euthanasia is based on the value of choice,allowing life to pursue authentic existence;voluntary euthanasia respects the freedom of death,allowing life to end at the right time and achieve a fulfilling conclusion;involuntary euthanasia demonstrates the creativity of life from the opposite side,allowing life to contribute to societal happiness and achieve perfect harmony.
作者
张懿
ZHANG Yi(School of Health Humanities,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Teaching and Research Center of Medical Department of School of Marxism,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《医学与哲学》
北大核心
2024年第9期45-49,共5页
Medicine and Philosophy
基金
2023年国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BKS110)
2023年教育部高校思政课教师研究专项青年项目(23JDSZK153)。
关键词
消极安乐死
积极安乐死
自愿安乐死
非自愿安乐死
存在主义哲学
passive euthanasia
active euthanasia
voluntary euthanasia
involuntary euthanasia
existential philosophy
