艳山姜茎叶渣覆盖对冬种莴苣田杂草、土壤及生长的影响

Effects of Alpinia zerumbet Stem and Leaf Residue Mulching on Weeds,Soil and Growth in Winter Lettuce Fields

为筛选适合应用于杂草控制及莴苣生长最适叶渣覆盖量,以富含化感物质的艳山姜修剪茎叶为材料,根据覆盖栽培理论和化感作用控草原理,通过在莴苣田行间覆盖不同量艳山姜茎叶渣,评价田间杂草、莴苣生长及土壤理化性质变化。结果显示,随着艳山姜茎叶渣覆盖量的增加,其对莴苣田杂草的抑制效果增强。其中,与对照组相比,用1200 g/m^(2)艳山姜茎叶渣覆盖处理后,莴苣田间杂草的种类、数量和多样性降低,杂草生物量(鲜重、干重)分别降低了87.93%、90.54%。同时,莴苣叶片叶绿素含量和单株平均鲜重最高,品质最优。此外,土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮和速效磷含量增高。当覆盖量大于1600 g/m^(2)时,土壤理化性状呈现不同变化趋势,莴苣生长受到抑制,但品质总体有提升。总体而言,在四川宜宾地区冬春莴苣生产中,使用1200 g/m^(2)的艳山姜茎叶渣覆盖处理能够最有效地抑制田间杂草生长、改善土壤环境并促进莴苣生长发育。

The paper aims to select the most suitable amount of the mulch of the stem and leaf residue from Alpinia zerumbet for weed control and lettuce growth.The stems and leaves of A.zerumbet rich in allelopathic substances were selected as materials.In this research,the growth of weeds,lettuce,and changes in soil physicochemical properties were evaluated by covering different amounts of mulch of the stem and leaf residue from A.zerumbet between rows in lettuce fields according to the theory of covering cultivation and the principle of allelopathic grass control.The results showed that with the increase of the stem and leaf residue mulching amount from A.zerumbet,the inhibition on weeds in lettuce fields was enhanced.Among them,compared with the control group,the species,quantity,and diversity of weeds in the lettuce field decreased,and the weed biomass(fresh weight and dry weight)decreased by 87.93%and 90.54%,respectively after mulching with 1200 g/m^(2) of the stem and leaf residue from A.zerumbet.Meanwhile,lettuce had the highest chlorophyll content and average fresh weight per plant,with the best quality.In addition,the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus increased.When the coverage was greater than 1600 g/m^(2),the soil physical and chemical properties showed different changing trends,and the growth of lettuce was inhibited,but the overall quality was improved.Overall,in the production of winter and spring lettuce in Yibin area of Sichuan Province,the use of 1200 g/m^(2) of the mulch of the stem and leaf residue from A.zerumbet can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds in the field,improve the soil environment,and promote the growth and development of lettuce.