甘蓝型油菜蚜虫发生规律及抗蚜种质的筛选

Regularity of Aphid Occurrence and Screening of Aphid Resistant Germplasm in Brassica napus

筛选抗蚜种质资源,为油菜抗蚜育种提供亲本。自然感蚜条件下,在云南罗平与泸西两地利用蚜情指数对18份油菜品种进行抗蚜性鉴定,分析蚜虫的发生规律及其对产量等的影响。结果表明,蚜虫发生盛期出现在花期至成熟期之间,温和干燥的气候利于蚜虫的生长繁殖。泸西点的发生盛期较罗平点早。相关性分析显示,蚜情指数与油菜的产量及其构成因素呈负相关,且与千粒重和单株产量相关达到显著水平,发生蚜害会造成油菜4.97%~79.69%的产量损失。从18份材料中筛选出5份抗蚜品种、13份感蚜品种。其中‘云油杂28号’和‘云油杂18号’表现为高抗,可作为油菜抗蚜育种的基础材料。

In order to understand the aphid resistance of rapeseed and screen aphid resistant germplasm resources to provide parents for rapeseed breeding of aphid resistance,18 rapeseed cultivars were identified by aphid index under the condition of natural aphid sensitivity in Luoping and Luxi of Yunnan,and the occurrence rule of aphid and its effect on yield were analyzed.The results showed that the peak period of aphids occurred between flowering and maturity,and the mild and dry climate was conducive to the growth and reproduction of aphids.The peak period in Luxi was earlier than Luoping.Correlation analysis showed that the aphid index was negatively correlated with rape yield and its components,and was significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight and yield per plant.The occurrence of aphid damage would cause 4.97%-79.69%yield loss of rapeseed.5 aphid resistant cultivars and 13 aphid sensitive cultivars were selected from 18 cultivars.‘Yunyouza 28’and‘Yunyouza 18’showed high resistance,which could be used as basic materials for rapeseed aphid resistance breeding.