多营养级生物多样性与陆地生态系统多功能性:研究现状与展望

Multitrophic biodiversity and terrestrial ecosystem multifunctionality:advances and perspectives

生物多样性是人类赖以生存的基础,但由于受到人类活动以及全球变化的影响正加速丧失,这对全球生态系统造成巨大威胁.近年来,生物多样性与生态系统功能关系(biodiversity and ecosystem functioning,BEF)已经成为生物多样性保护和气候变化领域关注的热点问题之一,并由早期的单一营养级多样性与单个生态系统功能关系,发展到近年来的多营养级生物多样性与生态系统多功能性关系.本文介绍了多营养级生物多样性以及生态系统多功能性的基础概念,回顾了多营养级生物多样性与陆地生态系统多功能性研究的发展历程,并系统归纳了该领域近十年的重要研究进展.在此基础上,提出未来需要重点关注的3个方面:(ⅰ)基于控制实验的驱动机制研究;(ⅱ)地下多营养级生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的关系;(ⅲ)多营养级生物多样性与生态系统多功能性关系随时间尺度的变化.最后,本文呼吁不同研究方向的学者未来应加强合作并强调了开展整合性工作的必要性.

Biodiversity is the foundation of human survival and development,but it is rapidly declining due to human activities and global changes,posing a serious threat to global ecosystem.In recent years,biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationship has become one of the hotspots in biodiversity conservation and climate change fields.It has developed from the relationship between single trophic-level biodiversity and ecosystem function to the relationship between multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality.This article introduces the basic concepts of multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality,reviews the development of research on multitrophic biodiversity and terrestrial ecosystem multifunctionality,and systematically summarizes the important research progress in this field over the past decade.Based on this foundation,three key areas that need to be focused on in the future research are proposed:(i)the study of the underlying mechanism of the relationship between multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality by manipulative experiments;(ii)the relationship between belowground multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality;(iii)the temporal scale variation of the relationship between multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality.Finally,we call on researchers with different background to strengthen collaboration in the future and emphasize the necessity of synthesis work.