中国特色学徒制与实践教学体系耦合的机理、困境与路径

The Mechanism,Dilemma and Path of Coupling between the Apprenticeship System with Chinese Characteristics and the Practical Teaching System

在推进中国式职业教育现代化与产教融合战略背景下,中国特色学徒制与实践教学体系相互协同、交互耦合,共同致力于培养高素质技术技能人才,推动职业教育体系的持续创新与发展。以制定统一的人才培养目标缓解人才供需矛盾、以设计共同的教学内容契合产业发展需求、以构建协同的教学管理机制保障技能人才成长、以建立合作互补的师资队伍支撑人才培养质量,可以实现中国特色学徒制与实践教学体系的耦合。然而,职业教育在实践发展中面临着企业参与和合作意愿不高、教学内容标准缺失、教学管理软硬件保障不足、专业型教师缺乏等困境。通过协商共建人才培养方案、协同共研教学内容、共建共享数字资源平台、互聘共用“双导师”队伍,可以有效促进中国特色学徒制与实践教学体系的耦合,从而助推高素质技术技能人才的培养、产教融合战略的顺利实施和中国式教育现代化的实现。

In the context of promoting the modernization of Chinese-style vocational education and the strategy of integration of industry and education,the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics and the practical teaching system are synergistic and interactively coupled,and are jointly committed to cultivating high-quality technical and skilled talents and promoting the continuous innovation and development of the vocational education system.This is achieved by formulating unified talent training objectives to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of talents,designing common teaching content to meet the needs of industrial development,constructing coordinated teaching management to ensure the growth of skilled talents,and establishing a complementary teaching staff to support the quality of talent training,thereby realizing the mechanism of coupling.However,in practice,it is faced with dilemmas such as low willingness of enterprises to participate and cooperate,lack of teaching content standards,insufficient guarantee of teaching management hardware and software,and lack of professional teachers.These problems have formed a real obstacle.Through negotiation and co-construction of talent training programs,collaborative research and teaching content,co-construction of a shared digital resource platform,and mutual employment and sharing of dual-tutor teams,the coupling of the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics and the practical teaching system can be effectively promoted,thereby promoting the training of highquality technical talents,the smooth implementation of the integration strategy of industry and education,and the realization of the modernization of vocational education.