陕西省某铅锌选矿厂职业病危害因素分析

Analysis on occupational disease hazards of a lead and zinc concentrator plant in Shaanxi Province

目的了解陕西省某铅锌选矿厂工作场所中的职业病危害因素,为其职业病的防护和维护劳动者健康提供对策。方法按照国家职业卫生标准、相关工作规范,应用职业卫生现场调查法和检测法于2021年9月对陕西省某铅锌选矿厂工作场所中的职业病危害因素进行识别、采样和检测分析。结果陕西省某铅锌选矿厂工作场所中的主要职业病危害因素有生产性粉尘(矽尘、铅尘、其他粉尘)、生产性毒物(氯化氢、盐酸、硫酸、三氧化硫)、物理性因素(噪声、工频电场)。其工作场所破碎工矽尘(总尘)、矽尘(呼尘)时间加权平均容许浓度分别为1.40和0.84 mg/m^(3),超出职业接触限值;氯化氢、盐酸、硫酸、三氧化硫等生产性毒物接触水平均符合职业接触限值;破碎工、球磨工、浮选工、加药工和脱水机操作工接触噪声40 h等效声级强度分别为91.3、94.5、91.3、89.4、86.5 dB(A),超出职业接触限值;配电室巡检位工频电场强度的测量结果为0.05316 kV/m,符合职业接触限值。结论陕西省某铅锌选矿厂粉尘和噪声均有超标,职业危害严重,建议采取职业卫生防护补救措施,保障劳动者健康。

Objective To identify and analyze the occupational hazard factors in the workplace of a lead and zinc concentrator in Shaanxi Province,and provide countermeasures for occupational disease prevention and workers'health.Methods In accordance with the national occupational health standards and relevant work norms,the occupational health field investigation method and detection method was applied to identify,sample,test and analyze the occupational-disease-inductive factors in the workplace of the enterprise in September 2021.Results The main occupational disease inductive factors in the workplace of the enterprise include productive dust(silica dust,lead dust,other dust),productive toxicants(hydrogen chloride,hydrochloric acid,sulfuric acid,sulfur trioxide),and physical factors(noise,power frequency electric field).The time-weighted average allowable concentrations of silica dust(total dust)and silica dust(exhaled dust)in the workplace were 1.40 and 0.84 mg/m^(3)respectively,exceeding the occupational exposure limits.The exposure levels of productive poisons such as hydrogen chloride,hydrochloric acid,sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide all met the occupational exposure limits.The 40 h equivalent noise level intensity of crusher,ball grinder,flotation worker,dosifier and dehydrator operator were 91.3,94.5,91.3,89.4 and 86.5 dB(A),respectively,which exceeds the occupational exposure limit.The measurement result of power frequency electric field intensity of inspection position in the distribution room was 0.05316 kV/m,which met the requirements of occupational exposure limit.Conclusions The dust and noise of the enterprise exceed the standard,and the occupational hazard is serious.It is suggested to take occupational health protection and remedial measures to protect the health of workers.