财政教育支出能推动城乡居民共同富裕吗?——基于微观家庭调查数据的经验证据

Does Fiscal Education Expenditure Promote the Common Prosperity of Urban and Rural Residents?--Empirical Evidence Based on Micro Household Survey Data

本文将中国家庭收入调查数据与地级市财政教育支出匹配,实证检验了财政教育支出对城乡居民收入差距的经济效应、影响机制及异质性。研究发现:财政教育支出增加能有效缩小城乡居民收入差距;这一效应在多孩家庭和父母学历较低家庭中的作用效果更强。机制分析表明,财政教育支出使城乡居民之间受教育程度和年限逐渐趋同,推进了教育公平,提升了农村居民获得正规就业的机会,促进“农转非”居民身份转变,缩小了城乡居民社会保险参与率的差距,从而实现城乡居民收入差距的长期改善。据此,财政应在优化整合城乡教育资源、提高教育质量等方面精准施策,深化省以下事权与支出责任改革、创新制度,以加快我国从人口大国向人力资源大国转变,最终实现共同富裕。

This paper matches Chinese Household Income Project Suryey data with the fiscal education expenditure of municipal-level cities,and empirically examines the economic effects,mechanisms,and heterogeneity of fiscal education expenditure on the income gap between urban and rural residents.The study finds that increasing fiscal education expenditure effectively narrows the income gap between urban and rural residents,with a stronger effect in households with multiple children and lower parental education levels.Mechanism analysis shows that fiscal education expenditure gradually narrows the gap in education levels and years of schooling between urban and rural residents,promotes educational equity,enhances rural residents'opportunities for formal employment,facilitates the transformation of rural residents'identities from agricultural to non-agricultural,and reduces the gap in social insurance participation rates between urban and rural residents,thus achieving long-term improvement in the income gap between them.Based on this,fiscal policy should optimize and integrate urban and rural educational resources,improve educational quality,and implement targeted strategies,deepen the delegation of powers and expenditure responsibilities below the provincial level,innovate institutions,accelerate China's transformation from a populous country to a human resources-rich country,and ultimately achieve common prosperity.