高密度和紧凑发展理念下的中外城市比较与启示

High-density Cities and Compact Development:Sino-Foreign Comparisons and Implications

西方有关交通出行、公共健康等领域的研究发现,在较低密度和城市蔓延语境中兴起的紧凑发展比非紧凑发展更具优势。然而,中国城市独特的环境诱导了一定程度的高密度紧凑。与机动化和公共交通上的优势相比,对健康城市、公共福祉的负面影响引发了对于高密度语境下紧凑发展的担忧。与西方城市明显不同,中国城市显示出相对高密度的城市本底、以土地为中心的紧凑策略,以及收益导向的高密度倾向。在普遍高密度环境中,仍提倡以提高密度为导向的紧凑发展可能导致一系列过密问题。中国式的紧凑发展应在区域与城乡间实行各具特色的紧凑政策,建立面向相对高密度的多目标紧凑模式,在空间产品的供给上更加包容多样的个体需求。

The compact development emerging in Western contexts of lower density and urban sprawl has presented greater transportation and public health advantages than non-compact development.At the same time,China's special conditions have induced a factual trend of high-density compactness.Compared to the strengths of motorized or public transit,the negative impacts on healthy cities and public welfare have raised lasting concerns about compact development in high-density cities.Unlike the West,Chinese cities exhibit relatively high-density landscapes,land-use-centered compact strategies,and economic-oriented high-density tendencies.Compact development,along with increasing urban density,may lead to over-concentrated problems in normally high-density environments.It is necessary to implement differentiated compact policies between urban and rural regions,to develop multi-objective compactness for high-density cities,and to become more inclusive about diverse individual demands when supplying spatial planning products.