伦敦屋顶绿化和墙体绿化政策(2008)的十年回顾

A Decade Review of the Green Roof and Green Wall Policies(2008) in London

在全球推动绿色与可持续发展的背景下,屋顶绿化和墙体绿化作为缓解与城市化相关的一系列负面环境影响的重要手段,在城市高密度地区的发展和建设中日益受到重视。这些技术在一些欧美城市得到了广泛应用,但在中国的发展还相对滞后。世界范围内的屋顶绿化和墙体绿化先驱城市已经推广相关政策40多年,而相关政策出台仅10年的伦敦在较短时间内就取得了显著成就,成为全球推广城市绿化舞台上的“新秀城市”。区别于许多城市通过各种形式的税费减免、财政补贴、奖励等提升城市绿化(特别是屋顶绿化),伦敦的城市屋顶绿化和墙体绿化主要通过中央—区域—地方三级规划体系的土地利用规划过程实现。本文以伦敦为例,分析其屋顶绿化和墙体绿化政策的发展历程和实施建设,从环境问题驱动的政策基础、行政分级协调的政策组合以及组合目标实现的技术创新三个方面总结了可供我国城市屋顶绿化和墙体绿化可持续发展借鉴的有益经验。

In the context of the global push for green and sustainable development,green roofs and green walls have garnered extensive attention in the development and construction of high-density urban areas,which are important means to alleviate the negative environmental impacts associated with urbanization.While these technologies are widely used in some European and American cities,their development in China has lagged relatively behind.Green roof and green wall pioneer cities worldwide have implemented promotion policies for more than 40 years.London,which has had a policy in place for only 10 years,has made remarkable achievements in a short time,is becoming a relative newcomer on the urban greening stage.Unlike many other cities that promote urban greening(especially green roofs) through providing various forms of tax reductions,financial subsidies and incentives,it has been achieved primarily through the land-use planning process of the three-tier(national–regional–local) planning system.Taking London as an example,this paper analyzes the development history and construction of its urban green roof and green wall policies,and summarizes the experiences that can be applied to the sustainable development of green roofs and green walls in China from three aspects:the policy basis driven by environmental issues,the policy combination coordinated by administrative hierarchy,and the technological innovation for compound goal achievement.