日本东京的极化与分化——基于新自由主义城市政策的分析

Polarization and the Urban Divide in Tokyo,Japan:An Analysis Based on Neoliberal Urban Policy

自1970年代以来,新自由主义伴随着全球化的进程从欧美向全球蔓延,日本的城市政策也深受其影响。本文首先提出一个假说,即日本新自由主义的城市政策造成了东京的极化与分化现象。通过国土尺度的分析,笔者观察到自2000年新自由主义成为日本主流城市政策后,东京的单极化趋势明显加速;城市尺度的空间与政策分析结果则反映了东京内部的城市分化日益显著。本文的分析检验并支撑了本文所提假说的有效性,同时证明了东京都政府和各区政府的城市政策与区域绅士化之间存在很强的相关性。本文呼吁,城市规划相关政策应从新自由主义式转向区域协作型,并从大规模城市再开发导向转变为渐进式城市更新导向。在后新自由主义的当下,本文为中国规划理论的范式转型提供了一种路径思考。

Since the 1970s,neoliberalism has spread from Europe and the United States to the whole world with the process of globalization,and Japan's urban policies have also been deeply influenced.Firstly,this paper puts forward a hypothesis that the neoliberal urban policy has caused the polarization and urban divide in Tokyo.Secondly,through a national-scale analysis,it has observed that since neoliberalism became the mainstream urban policy in Japan after the 2000s,Tokyo's concentration trend has accelerated significantly.Meanwhile,the city-scale spatial and policy analysis result reflects that the increasingly urban divide is happening within Tokyo.The analysis tests and supports the validity of the hypothesis proposed in this paper.At the same time,it also finds that urban development policies of Tokyo Metropolitans Government(TMG) as well wards have a strong co-relation with the advancement of gentrification.Finally,we call for urban planning to shift from a neoliberal urban policy to a regional collaborative urban policy,which should be based on a gradual urban renewal-oriented type,rather than the large-scale urban redevelopment.In the current post-neoliberalism,this paper provides a way of thinking about the paradigm transformation of planning theory in China.