德国气候保护目标下的空间规划施策路径

Spatial Planning Strategies Under Climate Protection Vision in Germany

本文梳理了德国空间规划落实气候保护目标的法律法规基础,解读联邦、州、地区和地方四个层级空间规划与气候保护专项计划的融合途径,重点探讨各层级空间规划在用地、能源、交通、建筑四大重点领域的气候保护施策路径及其要点,总结德国气候保护目标下的空间规划施策特征。研究表明,德国不同层级空间规划所关注的气候保护侧重点不同,对应同层级规划的定位,从原则引导到空间保障层层传导,并明确与气候保护相关部门规划的衔接以及对相应法律法规条款的落实。研究结果为在我国国土空间规划中落实与气候保护相关的“双碳”政策提供启示,即:(1)以空间保障和空间主动适应性为抓手响应“双碳”战略;(2)对应五级三类规划定位形成层层深化与总详衔接的传导机制;(3)对应“双碳”战略事权,为各部门方案和行动计划落实空间配套;(4)创新管控工具和管制规则,促使国土空间规划更好引导绿色低碳发展。

Combined with the regulatory requirements of German climate protection vision on spatial planning,this paper discusses the strategic priorities of climate protection strategies in four spatial planning fields including land use,energy,transportation and architecture from the federal,state,regional and local levels.The research results show that different levels of spatial planning pay different attention to climate protection,with hierarchical transmission from principle guidance to spatial carrier corresponding to the function of the planning level,and clarify the connection with the planning of relevant authorities of climate protection and the implementation of relevant laws and regulations.The research results inspire the implementation of the carbon emission reduction policy related to climate protection in China's territorial spatial planning.First,responding to the carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategy by focusing on spatial support for related facilities and adaptability of spatial layout.Second,forming a transmission mechanism of all spatial planning levels and connecting master plans with detail plans corresponding to China's five levels and three types of spatial planning system.Third,providing spatial support for the implementation of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” programs and action plans of various departments corresponding to the authority of the planning department.Fourth,creating innovative management and governance tools and regulations to promote spatial planning's role in green and low-carbon development.