阶级、结构与《资本论》范畴学——马克思工资理论探析

Class,Structure and Categorization of Capital——Analysis of Marx's Wage Theory

《资本论》工资由主体论所规定:工资不仅是外在的壳——工资形式,也是内在的瓤——针对资本的批判,突出阶级关系当事人对于工艺者的系统支配性。《资本论》范畴学取决于经济理论的两面性:“资本的政治经济学”和“劳动的政治经济学”。工资既是资本的经济结果,也是资本的统治前提。马克思抓住“资本工资”这个论证中心,工资一般的理解维度据此定格为“阶级—统治—剥削—拜物教”这一模式。由于马克思的理论努力,《资本论》实质性提出了“马克思主义的工资范畴学”,作为两重统一的规定性:算法工资(主体范畴)与雇佣工资(经济范畴)的统一以及阶级工资(劳动力社会价格)与市场工资(劳动力市场价格)的统一。《资本论》工资的系统实现论从中得以确认。一旦从资产者的权利意识的束缚中走出,“工资拜物教”即被瓦解,围绕生活资料安排的系统规划将替代对工资收入水平的单一追求。

Wages in Capital are stipulated by the subjective theory:wages are not only the outer shell——the form of wages,but also the inner flesh——the critique of capital,highlighting the systematic dominance of class relations parties to craftsmen.The categorization of Capital depends on two sides of economic theory:"political economy of capital" and "political economy of labor".The wage is both the economic result of capital and the precondition of its domination.Marx grasped the "wage of capital" as the center of his argumentation,and the general understanding dimension of wage was thus framed in the pattern of "class-domination-exploitation-fetishism".Due to Marx's theoretical efforts,Capital substantively presents "Marxist wage category theory" as a dual unified stipulation:the unity of algorithmic wage(subject category) and employment wage(economic category) and the unity of class wage(labor social price) and market wage(labor market price).The systematic realization theory of wages in Capital was confirmed.Once freed from the fetters of bourgeois' right consciousness,"wage fetishism" will be disintegrated,and systematic planning around the organization of the means of subsistence will replace the single pursuit of wage income level.