有机肥与石灰配施对华南酸性土壤的改良效果

Effect of organic fertilizer and lime combination on ameliorating acid soil in south China

为明确有机肥与石灰对华南酸性土壤的改良效果,采用田间小区试验,研究了有机肥、石灰分别单施与配施对双季稻区酸性土壤的酸化性质、水稻生长及产量的影响。试验包括5个处理:不施肥(CK)、单施控释肥(CF)、控释肥+石灰(LM)、控释肥+有机肥(OF)、控释肥+石灰与有机肥配施(CLO),除CK外,各处理养分保持一致,物料均在水稻移栽前一次性施入土壤。结果表明,CLO处理对土壤pH的改良效果最优,其pH提高了0.42个单位,而OF和LM处理的pH分别提升0.27、0.37个单位;OF处理土壤有机质含量最高,达44.46 g·kg^(-1),其次为CLO处理,达37.76 g·kg^(-1);LM、OF及CLO处理均显著降低了土壤交换性酸含量,降幅最高的处理为CLO,达71.4%。相关性分析表明,土壤交换性氢和交换性铝与pH的回归方程斜率绝对值分别为1.3568和0.1560,均呈显著负相关;LM处理的土壤交换性盐基离子总量达7.52 cmol·kg^(-1),显著高于其他处理,其次为CLO处理,达6.92 cmol·kg^(-1)。配施处理能增加灌浆期水稻叶片叶绿素含量,显著高于CK,增产效果最优。研究表明,有机肥与石灰配施较单独施用对华南酸化土壤的改良效果更好。

In order to clarify the ameliorating effect of organic fertilizer and lime on acidic soil in south China,a field trial was conducted to study the effects of single and combined application of organic fertilizer and lime on the acidification properties,rice growth and yield of acidic soil in double cropping rice areas.The experiment included five treatments:no fertilization(CK),single application of controlled release fertilizer(CF),controlled release fertilizer+application of lime(LM),controlled release fertilizer+application of organic fertilizer(OF),and controlled release fertilizer+lime combined with organic fertilizer(CLO).Except for CK,the nutrients in each treatment remained consistent,and the materials were all applied to the soil before rice transplantation.The results showed that the combination treatment had the best improvement effect on soil pH,increasing by 0.42 units,while the OF and LM treatments were 0.27 and 0.37,respectively.The organic matter content in the soil treated with OF was the highest,reaching 44.46 g·kg^(-1),followed by the combined application of CLO,reaching 37.76 g·kg^(-1),CLO treatments significantly reduced soil exchangeable acid content by 71.4%.There is a significant negative correlation between soil pH and exchangeable aluminum and hydrogen.The absolute slopes of the regression equations for exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum with pH are 1.3568 and 0.1560,respectively.The total amount of exchangeable base ions in the soil treated with a single application of lime reached 7.52 cmol·kg^(-1),significantly higher than other treatments,followed by the combined application of CLO,reaching 6.92 cmol·kg^(-1).The combination application treatment can increase the chlorophyll content in rice leaves during the filling period,resulting in the best yield increase effect.The comprehensive research results indicate that the combination of organic fertilizer and lime improves acidified soil more than a single application,which can provide data support for subsequent acidified farmland management.