高炉炉料软熔滴落性能的研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect of softening-melting properties for blast furnace charge

高炉生产能耗高、CO_(2)排放量大,在国家“双碳”背景下,稳定顺行是高炉节能减排的重要前提。高炉软熔带的形状、厚度、位置决定着炉内煤气流的二次分布,对高炉顺行起决定性作用。含铁炉料的软熔滴落性能试验在一定的负载和还原条件下模拟高炉内渣铁形成过程,是目前表征高炉软熔带矿石软化熔融过程的最直接手段。综述了高炉炉料软熔滴落性能的研究现状及影响因素,指出改善炉内矿石还原条件及炉料造渣过程是优化炉料软熔滴落性能与软熔带分布的根本。在不影响高炉炉渣性能的前提下,适当调整炉料化学成分、调整炉料结构、增加球团矿比例、向焦炭中添加CaO等碱性物质以及使用富氢气体还原等均能改善矿石在高炉内的还原条件,优化软熔滴落性能。高炉富氢冶炼是未来高炉发展的重要方向,对高炉炼铁节能减排及高炉顺行具有重要意义。

Energy consumption is high and CO_(2) emission is large in blast furnace production.In the national background of"double-carbon strategy",smooth running is an important premise of energy saving and emission reduction for the blast furnace.The shape,thickness and position of the cohesive zone in blast furnace determine the secondary distribution of the gas flow in the furnace,which plays a decisive role in the blast furnace running.At present,the softening-melting property test of iron-bearing furnace charge simulates the formation process of slag and iron in blast furnace under certain load and reduction conditions,which is the most direct means to characterize the softening and melting process of cohesive zone ore of blast furnace.The research status and influencing factors of softening-melting properties of blast furnace charge is summarized.It is pointed out that improving the reduction condition of ore in the furnace and the slag-making process are the fundamental factors to optimize the softening-melting properties and the cohesive zone distribution of blast furnace.On the premise of not affecting the performance of blast furnace slag,the reduction conditions of ore in blast furnace can be improved by adjusting the chemical composition of furnace burden,adjusting the design of furnace burden,increasing the proportion of pellets,adding alkaline substances such as CaO to the coke,and using hydrogen-rich gas reduction,so as to optimize the softening-melting properties.Hydrogen-rich smelting of blast furnace is an important direction for the future development of blast furnace,which is of great significance for energy saving,emission reduction and smooth running of blast furnace ironmaking.