不同产地及品种牡丹籽油脂肪酸和角鲨烯含量的比较分析

Comparative analysis of fatty acid and squalene content in peony seed oil from different regions and varieties

旨在为油用牡丹的品种选育、牡丹籽油的营养评价和产地溯源提供参考信息,采用气相色谱-质谱法对4个油用牡丹主产地(河南洛阳、山东菏泽、安徽亳州和甘肃兰州)的凤丹牡丹籽油和紫斑牡丹籽油的脂肪酸组成和角鲨烯含量进行检测,并对牡丹籽油的脂肪酸及角鲨烯含量与环境因子的相关性进行分析。结果表明:牡丹籽油中含有11种脂肪酸,以α-亚麻酸、油酸和亚油酸为主;8个牡丹籽油样品中的脂肪酸相对含量及角鲨烯含量存在差异,其中相同产地的凤丹牡丹籽油中的油酸相对含量均显著低于紫斑牡丹籽油的(p<0.05),亚油酸相对含量除河南洛阳产地外均显著高于紫斑牡丹籽油的(p<0.05);甘肃兰州牡丹籽油的亚油酸相对含量显著低于其他产地的(p<0.05),可作为对兰州牡丹籽油进行鉴别的指标之一;牡丹籽油中角鲨烯含量、油酸和α-亚麻酸相对含量,均随着年降雨量的增加、年平均气温的升高而减少,随着海拔的增加而增加,且牡丹籽油中的角鲨烯含量随着油酸、α-亚麻酸相对含量的增加而增加,随着亚油酸相对含量的增加而减少。综上,品种、产地及环境因子的不同均会造成牡丹籽油脂肪酸及角鲨烯含量的差异。

In order to provide reference information for the variety breeding of oil peony,nutrition evaluation and origin traceability of peony seed oil,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the fatty acid composition and squalene content of peony seed oil from Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’and Paeonia rockii Hong&J.J.Li of four regions(Luoyang,Henan;Heze,Shandong;Bozhou,Anhui;Lanzhou,Gansu).The correlation between the fatty acid and squalene content of peony seed oil and environmental factors was analyzed.The results showed that 11 kinds fatty acids were found in peony seed oil,mainlyα-linolenic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid.The contents of fatty acids and squalene in 8 kinds of peony seed oil samples were different,and the relative contents of oleic acid in Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’peony seed oil from the same origin was significantly lower than that in Paeonia rockii Hong&J.J.Li peony seed oil(p<0.05),linoleic acid content(except Luoyang,Henan)was significantly higher than that in Paeonia rockii Hong&J.J.Li peony seed oil(p<0.05).The linoleic acid content in Lanzhou was significantly lower than that in other areas(p<0.05),which could be used as one of the indicators to identify Lanzhou peony seed oil.The content of squalene and the relative contents of oleic acid andα-linolenic acid in peony seed oil decreased with the increase of annual rainfall and average annual temperature,but increased with the increase of altitude,and the content of squalene in peony seed oil increased with the increase of the relative contents of oleic acid andα-linolenic acid,but decreased with the increase of the relative content of linoleic acid.In conclusion,the differences in the variety,origin and environmental factors will cause the differences in fatty acid and squalene content in peony seed oil.