内生型农村互助养老的运行机制及其社会基础——以浙江罗村为例

The Operational Mechanism and Social Foundations of Endogenous Mutual Support for the Rural Aged:A Case Study of Luo Village in Zhejiang Province

外生型农村互助养老模式在地方实践中面临可持续发展困境,因此,如何激活村庄互助养老内生动力具有重要意义。通过对浙江省中部罗村的田野调查,分析内生型互助养老运行机制的构建路径,阐明引导和约束运行机制的社会基础。研究发现,新乡贤、村集体及(新)村民等多元主体构建起组织建设、资金筹措、文化浸润以及行为激励四重运行机制。依托乡村精英的工具理性与价值理性、熟人社会的相互信任与面子竞争、地方知识的关联建构与拓展应用等乡村社会基础促进内生型互助养老实践生成,以软性约束方式保障实践长效运行。基于此,加强乡村社会建设、通过农民自组织互助养老应是建设内生型互助养老模式的核心要义。

The model of mutual support for the rural aged is facing the dilemma of sustainable development in local practice.How to activate the endogenous motivation of mutual support for the aged in rural villages is of great significance.Through the field investigation of Luo Village in central Zhejiang province,this paper analyzes the approaches for constructing the operational mechanism of endogenous mutual support for the aged,and clarifies the social foundations of guiding and restricting this mechanism.It concludes that the multiple actors like the new rural elites,village collectives and(new)villagers have built a four-fold operational mechanism of organizational construction,fund raising,cultural infiltration and behavioral incentive.Relying on the rural social foundations such as instrumental rationality and value rationality of rural elites,the mutual trust and pursuit of honor in the acquaintance society as well as the co-construction and expanded application of local knowledge,we can promote the generation of endogenous mutual support for the rural aged and ensure the long-term operation by soft constraints.Based on this,strengthening rural social foundations and realizing mutual support for the aged through the farmers self-organization should be the core of building the endogenous mutual support model for the aged.