清代珠江三角洲入海口沙田围垦中的疍民建筑和聚落

The Architecture and Settlements of Tanka People in Shatian Reclamation at the Pearl River Estuary during the Qing Dynasty

文章以清末及民国初期的影像和绘画为主要研究材料,对18世纪末珠江三角洲入海口区域疍民建筑和聚落的形态演进过程进行整理和还原。主要针对形成于沙田围垦土地上的小型聚落,考察其线性的分布方式、依靠堤坝建立的寮屋建筑,以及在由船居到陆居的过程中疍民生产生活方式的转变,并探讨了海洋环境向陆地环境的演进与疍民建筑和聚落形态之间的相互关系。文章认为,珠江三角洲的水土环境变化及沙田围垦活动,是影响和推动珠江流域的疍民生产生活方式、居住建筑空间演变和渔民聚落呈现线性延展分布的根源。

Using visual images and paintings from the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China as the primary research materials,this article collates and reconstructs the transformation of architectural forms of Tanka people and settlement formation in the Pearl River Estuary area at the end of the 18th century.It examines the linear distribution pattern of small-scale settlements formed on the reclaimed land,the construction of houses relying on dikes,and the transformation of the Tanka people's production and lifestyle from boats to land dwellings.Additionally,it explores the interrelationships between the evolution from the marine environment to the terrestrial one and the architectural and settlement patterns of the boat-dwellers.It argues that the environmental transformation of land and water in the Pearl River Delta and the reclamation activities are the main factors promoting changes in the production,living style,the spatial evolution of habitation of boat-dwellers,and the formation of the linear distribution of settlements.