广州十三行商馆区外廊样式的起源

The Origin of Veranda Style of Thirteen Hong Area in Canton

日本学者藤森照信将外廊样式视为中国近代建筑的原点,认为其最早当在广州十三行街登陆。或因十三行商馆区在1856年毁于大火,有关外廊样式起源的具体情形尚未得到深入探究。文章将外廊样式的流播置于17世纪以来亚洲海港城市的时空范围,结合对历史文献和外销画、洋画的深读,聚焦商馆南端的平面与立面,探讨外廊样式形成的过程。文章认为,广州十三行外廊样式主要包括以法兰西行为代表的檐廊式和以新英国行为代表的门廊式,并于1760年代末在法兰西行正立面上首现;尽管十三行商馆外廊样式立面受到欧洲建筑风格的影响,但其空间主要由广州传统建筑演化而来,因此并非完全舶来的殖民地样式。

Japanese scholar Terunobu Fujimori believed that the veranda style was the origin of modern Chinese architecture,and he suggested that the Thirteen Hong area could have been the original landing place.The Thirteen Hong area was destroyed by fire in 1856,and the exact circumstances of the origin of the veranda style have not been thoroughly explored.This article contextualizes the spread of the veranda style within Asian seaport cities since the 17th century.Through close reading of historical documents and export paintings,the article focuses on the plan and façade of the south end of the factories in the Thirteen Hong area to explore the process of the formation of the veranda style.It argues that the veranda style of the Thirteen Hong area includes the arcade type represented by the French Hong and the portico type represented by the New English Hong,ant it first appeared on the front façade of the French Hong in the late 1760s.The veranda style evolved spatially from the traditional architecture of Canton,while the façade was influenced by European architecture,and was not a wholly imported colonial style.